Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anprod > Fundamentals of Genetics and Breeding in Animal Production > Flashcards

Fundamentals of Genetics and Breeding in Animal Production Flashcards

1
Q

Biology of heredity and variation. Deals mainly with the way in which traits of the parents are passed on or transmitted to their offspring

A

Genetics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Branch of genetics concerned with the proper selection and use of the traits of the parent to produce
offspring with predictable and desirable traits for the improvement of animals in general

A

Breeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Animal traits or characters could be:

A
  1. Morphological (e.g. size, coat, color)
  2. Productive performance (e.g. egg and meat production)
  3. Behavioral
  4. Any visible and measurable innate description
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Chemical composition: consist of Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)- genetic material for all living organism

A

Gene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

❖ Due to segregation and assortment of genes, the combined alleles in a locus as well as the combination/interaction of all genes present can result in new individuals or traits differing from the parent.

❖ Traits are influenced by one more gene pairs

A

Gene interaction/gene expression/gene effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Types of Gene Interactions/Gene Effects/Phenotypic Expression of Genes

A

A. Non-additive or qualitative
B. Addictive Genes Effects
C. Epistatic Interaction
D. Inheritance of Sex and Sex-Linkage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Resultant phenotypic expressions are distinct traits or characters (discontinuous variations)

A

A. Non- additive or qualitative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

one allele masks the effect/action of the other locus

A

Complete Dominance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

(also called no dominance or lack of dominance)
Neither allele in a locus is dominant, the heterozygous offspring
intermediate or blende phenotype

A

Incomplete or partial dominance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

heterozygous individuals are superior (possess greater vigor or are more desirable) to
either heterozygotes, and are said to possess heterosis or hybrid vigor

A

Overdominance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

two (both) alleles of a single locus are responsible for the production of two phenotypically
distinct and detectable gene products.

A

Codominance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Involves several pairs of genes affecting production traits

A

Addictive Genes Effects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

A gene or pair which affect the expression of genes in other loci or chromosomes, not allelic
(epistasis- masking of the phenotype effect either or both members of one pair of alleles of
different pair. The masked gene is called hypostatic)

A

Epistatic Interaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

pair of chromosomes that determines the sex of zygote

A

Sex chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

traits found on the sex chromosomes

A

Sex – Listed Traits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Generic make-up of the trait represented by the genes carried on the chromosomes

A

Genotype

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Visible or measurable character representing the genotype

A

Phenotype

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

group of animals descended from common ancestry and possessing certain inherited traits that distinguish it from any other group

A

Breed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

group of animals descended from appraised to a specific animal or source of genetic stock

A

Line

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

group of animals within a breed with traits that distinguish them from others in the breed

A

Strain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

mixed or unknown breed, “scrub”, little improved breeding animal

A

Mongrel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

a record of ancestor

A

Pedigree

23
Q

to remove from a herd or flock, usually because of age, low performance, or undesirable traits

A

Cull

24
Q

tendency of a breeding animal to have a long productive life

A

Longevity

25
Q

functional unit of inheritance; a small segment of chromosome (DNA) that is specific code for a particular trait and determines how it will develop

A

Gene

26
Q

an expression of a gene/portion of the DNA through the effects of enzyme/protein as dictated by the genetic information or the genes

A

Trait

27
Q

a rod-like or string like body occurring in pairs, found

A

Chromosome

28
Q

study of chromosomes

A

Cytogenetics

29
Q

Presentation of the chromosomes of any individual/species, usually cut-out prints, matched up and arranged in a standard sequence or order

A

Karyotype

30
Q

pertaining to similar or corresponding structure within a biological system

A

Homologous

31
Q

A process in which a cell divides to produce two daughter cells, each of which contains the same chromosomes complement (2N) as the cell from which they came

A

Mitosis

32
Q

Special type of cell nuclear division for the production of gametes (Sperm and ovum). As a result, each gamete carries half the number of chromosomes (n) of a typical body of that species.

A

Meiosis

33
Q

having the normal, paired chromosomes of somatic tissues as produced by the doubling of the primary
chromosomes of the germ at fertilization

A

Diploid

34
Q

having exactly one-half of the usual Diploid number of chromosomes for a given species (gametes are said
to be ***)

A

Haploid

35
Q

process by which sperm (spermatogenesis) and eggs (oogenesis) are produced

A

Gametogenesis

36
Q

genes occupying corresponding loci in homologous chromosomes that affect the same hereditary trait but
in different ways

A

Alleles

37
Q

location of a gene in a chromosome

A

Locus

38
Q

One of the gene/alleles at corresponding loci in homologous chromosomes, which overpowers or dominate the expression of the other alleles

A

Dominant Allele

39
Q

whose expression is prevented/over powered by the dominant alleles

A

Recessive allele

40
Q

having genes, located at corresponding loci in homologous chromosomes which correspond (similar) to each other in the way they control on traits

A

Homozygous

41
Q

having contrasting genes/alleles

A

Heterozygous

42
Q

performance of offspring that is greater than the average of the parents. Usually the amount of
superiority of the crossbreed over the average of the parental breed. Also referred to as hybrid vigor

A

Heterosis

43
Q

Purebred livestock are typically from the purebreds for which their ancestry is
recorded as a pedigree by a breed association

A

Purebred breeders (seedstock producers)

44
Q

Commercial slaughter/market livestock are crossbred resulting from crossing two or
more traits or lines of breeding

A

Commercial breeders (producers)

45
Q

Methods of Breeding:

A
  1. Artificial Breeding
  2. Natural Breeding
46
Q

In combination with selection are utilized in most herd/flocks to optimize improvement. Based primarily on the genetic relationship of animal being mated

A

Mating Systems (Breeding System)

47
Q

Two Major System of Mating:

A
  1. Inbreeding
  2. Outbreeding (Outcrossing)
48
Q

Types of inbreeding:

A
  1. Intensive inbreeding (close breeding)
  2. Linebreeding
49
Q

Mating of closely related animals whose ancestors had been inbred for several generations

Examples: brother x sister

A

Intensive inbreeding (close breeding)

50
Q

A mild form of inbreeding where inbreeding is kept relatively low while maintaining a high relationship to an outstanding ancestor (usually a sire) or line of ancestor

Example: Grandson x Granddaughter

A

Linebreeding

51
Q

Types of Outbreeding:

A
  1. Species cross
  2. Crossbreeding
  3. Grading up
  4. Line or strains cross
  5. Random mating
  6. Purebreeding
52
Q

mating of the female offspring to one of the parental breeds

A

Back Crossing

53
Q

Special Crossbreeding Program:

A

1.) 2-Breed (Way) Rotational Cross
2.) 3 Breed Cross Rotational Cross (Triple Crossing)
3.) Back Crossing
4.) Rotaterminal Cross System

Anprod (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions