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Rel 106 > Mamm phys Exam 3 > Flashcards

Mamm phys Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Negative feedback plays a role in:

A

PTH, insulin, T3 and T4, cortisol

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2
Q

Which set of hormones acts similarly to t3 and T4 regulation?

A

CRH, and ACTH, and cortisol

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3
Q

Which pituitary hormone is not released in response to a releasing hormone from the hypothalamus?

A

ADH

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4
Q

What is true of the adrenal medulla?

A

Fxns as part of the sympathetic NS

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5
Q

Calcitonin causes which of these?

A

Bones to uptake Ca and secretion of Ca by kidneys

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6
Q

The hormone ___ is a modified aa whereas ___ is a steroidal hormone

A

Epinephrine, testosterone

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7
Q

Which of these mechanisms is used by lipid soluble hormones to affect their target cells?

A

Diffuse through membrane and act directly on gene expression

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8
Q

Which is a neurosecretory organ?

A

Posterior pituitary

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9
Q

Which is true of glucagon?

A

Triggers processes that increase glucose concentration

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10
Q

What is true of Diabetes type 2?

A

Insulin is produced but tissues don’t respond to it

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11
Q

Hormone that stimulates addition of glucose transporters to cell membrane?

A

Insulin

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12
Q

Goiter is a symptom of?

A

Thyroid disorder

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13
Q

Action of growth hormone can be summarized as:

A

Anti insulin

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14
Q

Which hormone of the intestinal phase inhibits gastric secretion

A

Secretin

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15
Q

Although most of the __ in the small intestine are secreted by the pancreas, __ are secreted by the liver

A

Digestive enzymes, bile salts

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16
Q

Which does not play a role in lipid digestion/absorption?

A

Cell surface receptors/transporters on villi cells

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17
Q

Which do not occur in the large intestine?

A

Carb absorption

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18
Q

Cholecystokinin causes:

A

Bile and pancreatic secretions to be added to the small intestine

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19
Q

Which hormones stimulate secretion of pancreatic juice?

A

Secretin and CCK

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20
Q

Mechanisms for water reabsorption in the large intestine is almost identical to mechm for:

A

Water reabsorption in proximal convoluted tubule

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21
Q

The pancreatic enzyme __ also requires __ from the liver to perform its function

A

Lipase, bile salts

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22
Q

Which processes/structures help prevent the stomach from digesting itself?

A

Pepsin is secreted as inactive pepsinogen, insoluble mucus

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23
Q

Which is a consequence of our air passage crossing our food passage?

A

Pharyngeal phase of swallowing is very rapid

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24
Q

Stomach can mechanically break down food into smaller particles by:

A

Retropulsion of stomach content through small orifice of terminal antral contraction

25
Q

Protein digestion starts during the ___ phase of stomach activity

A

Gastric

26
Q

Calcitrol acts on small intestine to

A

Facilitate Ca absorption

27
Q

Brush border of epithelial cells in lumen of small intestine shows the importance of:

A

Diffusion

28
Q

Which biomolecule is absorbed as chylomicrons?

A

Lipids

29
Q

Which pancreatic enzyme needs an activator?

A

Trypsin

30
Q

Cajal cells in GI tract are:

A

Interstitial cells that function as pacemaker cells

31
Q

Gluconeogenesis is

A

Production of glucose from non-carb sources

32
Q

In the nephron, water and small molecules and ions are initially ___, but some molecules ate returned to the blood by ___

A

Filtered, reabsorbed

33
Q

What happens if salt pumps in the ascending LoH stop working?

A

Countercurrent multiplier will stop

34
Q

Characteristic of inulin that makes it useful for measuring glomerular filtration rate is:

A

It is filtered but not reabsorbed or secreted

35
Q

In the nephron, where is the largest amount of water reabsorbed?

A

Proximal convoluted tubule

36
Q

Which duct becomes permeable to water in the presence of ADH/vasopressin?

A

Collecting duct

37
Q

PTH stimulates

A

Ca reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule

38
Q

Voluntary control over micturition is mainly provided by

A

Cessation of signals from the pudental nerve to the external urethral sphincters

39
Q

The kidney lacks an absorption mechanism for iron because:

A

Iron in the plasma is not filtered because its bound to proteins

40
Q

Function of juxtaglomerular apparatus?

A

Control glomerular filtration rate

41
Q

Two hormones secreted in response to a suckling infant: __ causes milk let-down reflex, ___ stimulates mammary glands to make milk

A

Oxytocin, prolactin

42
Q

If testosterone and Mullerian Inhibiting Factor are absent, then:

A

Mullerian ducts become uterine tubes and uterus

43
Q

Whats the first developmental switch that causes sexual differentiation?

A

Testis determining factor (TDF)

44
Q

Slow block polyspermy is caused by:

A

Swelling of the perivitelline layer and clipping of sperm binding receptors

45
Q

Insulin is a ____ hormone, which means that it effects target cells by ___

A

Peptide, binding to a receptor triggering a second messenger

46
Q

Which of these is the main driver for water reabsorption in the convoluted tubules?

A

Active transport to reabsorb Na

47
Q

Which occurs in the LoH?

A

Ions actively pumped out of ascending limb, water leaves descending by osmosis

48
Q

Which occurs in the PCT?

A

Glucose reabsorption by active transport, Na reabsorption by AT
Water reabsorption by osmosis
Urea remains in tubule

49
Q

Aldosterone does:

A

Increases blood pressure
Decreases blood K concentration
Increase in blood volume
Increases blood Na concentration

50
Q

After water is reabsorbed by the collecting duct, where does it go?

A

Into peritubular capillaries due to osmosis

51
Q

Which is part of micturition reflex?

A

Stretch receptors in bladder stimulated by presence of urine
Relaxation of internal sphincter
Stretch receptors send AP to spinal cord
Contraction of smooth muscle in wall of bladder

52
Q

Which results from high levels of ADH?

A

Low flow rate of highly concentrated urine

53
Q

Where is chymotrypsinogen secreted and what does it break down?

A

Pancreas, proteins

54
Q

Arrange steps of fat absorption:

A

Bile salts emulsify fats, lipase splits TAG, fatty acids form micelles, fatty acids diffuse through membranes of cells lining small intestine

55
Q

Defecation reflex is triggered by:

A

Fecal material stretching walls of the rectum

56
Q

What is not true of a typical hormone?

A

Secreted into a duct

57
Q

Which does not benefit from negative feedback?

A

Change in bone length

58
Q

Snowball effect describes which process?

A

Positive feedback

59
Q

Control mechm for ADH, growth hormone, and PTH:

A

ADH: AP from nervous system
GH: hormones from the nervous system
PTH: conditions in body

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