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BIOLOGY Term 2 > Mamalian Tissue > Flashcards

Mamalian Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

Define the word Tissue

A

groups of cells which are similar in structure and which preform common or related functions

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2
Q

what is the study of tissues called

A

histology

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3
Q

what are the 4 basic kinds of tissue?

A
  • epithelial tissue
  • connective tissue
  • muscle tissue
  • nervous tissue
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4
Q

Give 5 functions of Epithelial Tissue

A 
• Lines inside of ducts and cavities 
• covers outside of an organism 
• protects underlying tissues from: 
    - damage, micro-organisms, UV light and       desiccation 
    - some have excretory function
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5
Q

Describe the structure of the Squamous Epithelium

> picture this in your head

A
  • THIN & closely packed -> mosaic pattern
  • LARGE CENTRAL NUCLEUS
  • lies on basement membrane
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6
Q

Location of the Squamous Epithelium

A
  • Line blood vessels
  • mouth
  • oesophagus
  • alveoli of lungs
  • body cavities heart chambers
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7
Q

Function of the Squamous Epithelium

A
  • Protects underlying tissues
  • semi-permeable
  • very smooth easy for transport
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8
Q

where can stratified epithelium be found and why

A
  • Skin, hair, nails, pharynx, vagina, oesophagus, conjunctiva
  • where the body linings have to withstand wear and tear
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9
Q

what does stratified epithelium look like

> picture in your head

A
  • composed of several layers of cells
  • top cells are flat and scaly
  • may or may not be keratinized
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10
Q

what is the function of cuboidal epithelium

A

secretory function -> hormones, saliva, sweat, digestive juices

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11
Q

where can cuboidal epithelium be found?

A

• Glands -> thyroid, salivary, sebaceous glands, tubules in the nephron of the kidney

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12
Q

structure of cuboidal epithelium

  • picture the tubes and epithelium lining it -
A

cube shape

LARGE ROUND CENTRAL NUCLEUS

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13
Q

location of columnar epithelium

A

stomach and intestines

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14
Q

function of columnar epithelium

A
  • secrete mucous to keep surface moist ( makes transport of food easier )
  • microvilli enlarge surface area -> absorption of digested food
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15
Q

structure of columnar epithelium

A
  • long column OVAL SHAPED NUCLEUS usually at base of cell
  • GOBLET CELLS
  • some cells also have microvilli
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16
Q

structure of ciliated columnar epithelium

A
  • columnar shape
  • LARGE OVAL SHAPED NUCLEUS
  • CILIA present
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17
Q

function of ciliated columnar epithelium

A

1) secrete mucous to trap dust
2) cilia moves mucus in our breathing passages
3) propels the ovum to the uterus
4) circulates cerebrospinal fluid around our brain

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18
Q

Give 5 functions of connective tissue

A
  • connects, binds & supports
  • tendons, ligaments
  • protects and cushions organs & tissue
  • insulates
  • transports substances i.e. blood
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19
Q

what type of matrix does areolar connective tissue have

A

jelly like matrix

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20
Q

location of areolar connective tissue

A

under the skin
around muscles
organs
blood vessels and nerves

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21
Q

function of areolar connective tissue

A
  • attached skin to underlying muscles and bones
  • binds organs of the abdomen
  • defends against injury
  • stores fat
  • forms sheaths around -> muscles, nerves, blood vessels and glands
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22
Q

Know that Adipose are large fat storing cells & each cell is called a adipocyte

A

And it’s under the skin and around organs & store fat as potential storage of energy
NO FIBRES OR MATRIX VISIBLE

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23
Q

structure of white fibrous tissue

A
  • closely packed fibrous collagen
  • arranged in parallel rows
  • FIBROBLAST -> fiber producing cells
24
Q

location of white fibrous tissue

A

skin, ligaments, tendons, cartilage and bones

25
Q

function of white fibrous tissue

A

provide support and shock absorption to our bones and organs

26
Q

location of Yellow Elastic Tissue

A
  • lung tissue
  • walls of elastic arteries
  • trachea
  • Ligaments
27
Q

Structure of YET

A
  • freely-branching elastic fibres

* FIBROBLAST cells make the yellow elastic fibres

28
Q

Function of YET

A

Enables organs and parts of organs to stretch

29
Q

what are cartilage producing cells called?

A

chondrocytes

30
Q

where is hyaline cartilage found

A
  • intervertebral discs
  • end of long bones
  • tip of nose
  • connection between ribs and sternum
31
Q

name 3 functions of hyaline cartilage

A
  • reduces friction at joints
  • movement
  • support
32
Q

where is white cartilage found

A
  • pubic symphysis

* intervertebral discs

33
Q

functions of white fibrocartilage (3)

A
  • shock absorbers
  • provides sturdiness without impending movement
  • deepens sockets
34
Q

location of yellow elastic cartilage

A
  • ear lobes
  • larynx
  • epiglottis
  • eustachian tube
35
Q

functions of YEC

A
  • maintain shape

* support

36
Q

Function of Blood Plasma

A 
Transport of: 
• blood cells 
• absorbed food after digestion 
• waste products in cells to excretory organs 
• Hormones -> distributes heat
37
Q

Function of erythrocytes

A

Transport oxygen to the cells and carbon dioxide back to the lungs

38
Q

oxyhemoglobin

A

O2 and haemoglobin

39
Q

function of leukocytes (3)

A
  • defending the body against both infectious disease and foreign materials
  • formation and distribution of antibodies
  • can move out of blood into surround tissue
40
Q

function of thrombocytes

A

helps with blood clotting

41
Q

what are cells that produce bone tissue called?

A

osteocytes

42
Q

osteon or haversian system

A

many circles together

43
Q

describe the matrix of a haversian system

A

hard & strong

water and inorganic salts w/ mostly calcium

44
Q

what’s a haversian canal?

A

canal running down the center -> blood vessels, nerves and lymph vessels are found here

45
Q

what is the purpose of the canaliculi

A

transport of oxygen and nutrients is done through these tiny canals cause matrix is hard

46
Q

name 5 functions of bone

A
  • support
  • locomotion
  • protection
  • manufacturing of blood cells
  • homeostasis
47
Q

Name functions of muscle tissue (6)

A
  • movement
  • locomotion
  • maintains posture
  • produces heat
  • pumps blood
  • peristalsis
48
Q

Name 3 characteristics regarding the structure of skeletal muscle

A
  • long cylindrical myofibrils
  • myofibrils have alternating light and dark bands
  • multinucleated
49
Q

where is skeletal muscle found

A

voluntary muscles

biceps & hamstrings

50
Q

Give 4 characteristics about the structure of smooth muscle

A
  • spindle shaped with 1 LARGE CENTRAL NUCLEUS
  • No light/ dark bands
  • Not attached to bone
  • Contraction is slow and rhythmical
51
Q

location is smooth muscle

A
  • walls of digestive system
  • blood vessels
  • urinary tubes
  • eye
  • diaphragm
52
Q

Function is smooth muscle

A

Peristalsis-> movement in vital organs

53
Q

describe the structure of cardiac muscle

A
  • muscle fibres are fine, shorter and BRANCHES
  • Fibres connected by bridges ( intercalated discs ) cells are joined so heart can beat
  • Areolar tissue is between fibres
  • Striations present but not as distinct
54
Q

function is cardiac muscle

A

contraction and relaxation of the heart

55
Q

what is the function of a neuron

A

carries impulses away from and to CNS

56
Q

eyo label the neuron

A

i’m praying for your soul👼🏼👼🏽👼🏼👼🏽

BIOLOGY Term 2 (6 decks)

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