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Nutrition and Diet Lecture > Malnutrition > Flashcards

Malnutrition Flashcards

1
Q

what is malnutrition?

A

deficiency, excessive, and imbalance (s) in the intake of energy and/or nutrients

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2
Q

what does malnutrition include? (5)

A 
undernutrition (stunting, wasting, underweight)
inadequate vitamins and minerals
obesity
overweight
diet-related non-communicable diseases
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3
Q

what are the causes or factors or the people who are at risk of malnutrition?

A
  1. poor food availability and preparation
  2. lack of nutritional education
  3. recurrent infections
  4. people who live in a socio-economic deprived areas (lack of sanitation/education)
  5. poverty and natural disasters
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4
Q

what are the 4 sub-forms of undernutrition

A

underweight
stunting
wasting
vitamins and minerals deficiency

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5
Q

what is known as wasting?

A

low weight for height

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6
Q

what is known as stunting?

A

low height for age

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7
Q

children with __________ are known as underweight.

A

low weight for age

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8
Q

a child who is underweight may be ______, ______, or ______.

A

stunted, wasted, or both

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9
Q

what does PEM stand for?

A

protein-energy malnutrition

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10
Q

what happens to undernourished children with PEM

A

rapid growth and existence of illnesses or diseases that require a larger amount of protein and essential nutrients

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11
Q

difference of kwashiorkor and marasmus in terms of deficiency

A

kwashiorkor - deficient in proteins

marasmus - deficient in proteins and calories

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12
Q

difference of kwashiorkor and marasmus in terms of age (occurrence)

A

K - between 6 months and 3 years

M - under 1 year

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13
Q

difference of kwash. and marasmus in terms of subcutaneous fat

A

K - preserved subcutaneous fat

M - not preserved

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14
Q

difference of kwash. and maramus in terms of edema

A

K - edema is present

M - no edema

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15
Q

difference of kwash. and marasmus in terms of liver

A

K - enlarged fatty liver

M - no fatty liver

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16
Q

difference of kwash. and maramus in terms of ribs

A

K - not very prominent ribs

M - very prominent ribs

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17
Q

difference of kwash. and marasmus in terms of behavior

A

K - lethargic

M - alert and irritable

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18
Q

difference of kwash. and maramus in terms of muscle wasting

A

K - mild or absent

M - severe muscle wasting

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19
Q

difference of kwash. and maramus in terms of appetite

A

K - poor appetite

M - veracious eater

20
Q

difference of kwash. and maramus in terms of adequacy of needed nutrients

A

K - adequacy in proteins

M - adequacy in proteins, fats, and carbs

21
Q

what is marasmus

A

a chronic PEM caused by severe deprivation of food for a long period of time

22
Q

other name for marasmus

A

drying away

23
Q

at what age does marasmus occur?

A

6-18 months

or less than 1 year

24
Q

2 signs of marasmus

A

thin and dry hair, easily pulled

spoon-shaped, brittle nails

25
Q

what is kwashiorkor?

A

acute PEM caused by sudden or recent food deprivation

26
Q

at what age does kwashiorkor occur?

A

18 months - 2 years

or 6 months - 3 years

27
Q

signs of kwashiorkor

A

bulging belly with a fatty liver

28
Q

kwashiorkor is commonly precipitated by what illnesses?

A

measles or dysentery

29
Q

what is the distinctive feature of kwashiorkor?

A

moon face

30
Q

what are the 2 classifications of nutrient deficiency? describe.

A
  1. primary - caused by inability or lack of absorption of vital nutrients but can be solved by eating foods and taking supplements
  2. secondary - caused by limited ability of absorption of nutrients due to medical conditions
31
Q

obesity is generally defined as ______

A

excessive fat stored in the body

32
Q

4 causes of obesity

A
  1. genetics
  2. sedentary lifestyle
  3. abnormal absorption of nutrients
  4. over-eating/ binge eating disorder
33
Q

how many percent is the genetic component of human obesity

A

50-79%

34
Q

upper body obesity is referred to as ______ (3)

A

central, abdominal, or male obesity

35
Q

lower body obesity is known as ______ (4)

A

peripheral, gluteal, femoral, or female obesity

36
Q

apple-shaped people

A

upper body obesity

37
Q

pear-shaped people

A

lower body obesity

38
Q

android obesity

A

upper body obesity

39
Q

gynoid obesity

A

lower body obesity

40
Q

prevention and interventions for obesity (3)

A
  1. lifestyle modification
  2. pharmacokinetics
  3. surgery
41
Q

orlistat (generic name, function, mg, BMI)

A

xenical, inhibits absorption of fat soluble vitamins, 120 mg PO TID w/ meals, BMI 30

42
Q

reductil (function)

A

suppresses appetite

43
Q

what does gastroplasty reduce?

A

size of the opening of the stomach to the distal stomach

44
Q

capacity of gastric bypass

A

20-30 ml

45
Q

what is gastric bypass?

A

reduction of stomach by stapling procedure (attaching the small intestine to the small pouch made on the upper portion of stomach)

46
Q

what is liposuction or lipo sculpture?

A

aspiration of fat deposits

Nutrition and Diet Lecture (3 decks)

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