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P year dermatology > Malignant melanoma > Flashcards

Malignant melanoma Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

what is the aetiology behind malignant melanoma?

A

Genetic predisposition in CDKN2A

BRAF mutation

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2
Q

what are risk factors for melanoma?

A

sun exposure
fair skin
tanning beds

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3
Q

what is the most carcinogenic UV ray?

A

B

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4
Q

why is UV bad?

A

causes formation of pyrimidine dimers between T and C bases

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5
Q

what are four types of melanoma?

A

lentigo maligna melanoma
superficial spreading melanoma
nodular melanoma
acral melanoma

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6
Q

how often gets lentigo maligna melanoma?

A

chronically sun exposed older people

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7
Q

what is the development of superficial spreading melanoma?

A

a radial growth phase before true invasion

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8
Q

what is the appearance of superficial spreading melanoma?

A

irregular pigmented asymmetrical patch with an irregular edge
normally black or brown

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9
Q

what are symptoms of superficial spreading melanoma?

A

A radial growth phase
Itch/discomfort
Contact bleeding

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10
Q

what is the most common type of melanoma?

A

superficial spreading

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11
Q

what is nodular melanoma?

A

A brown/black/grey lump that bleeds/ozzes

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12
Q

what is acral melanoma?

A

A pigmented patch on the sole/palm/nail/nail fold

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13
Q

what is the nail change in acral melanoma called?

A

hutchinsons nail sign

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14
Q

what is the management of stage 0-2 melanoma?

A
  1. WLE with margins of:
    stage 0:0.5cm
    stage 1: 1cm
    stage 2:2cm

stage 0 and can’t have WLE: consider topical imiquimod

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15
Q

what is the management for stage 3 melanoma?

A

SNB+ lymphadenectomy

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16
Q

if there is unresectable or metastatic melanoma what is the treatment option?

A

talimogene laherparepvec

17
Q

what is the most important prognostic indicator in dermatological malignancy?

A

breslows thickness

18
Q

what advise can you give to a patient to reduce their risk of future skin cancers?

A

learn to recognise early signs
regularly examine the skin
arrange annual checks with the GP
sun protection

19
Q

what is kaposis sarcoma?

A

a malignant vascular tumour

20
Q

what are causes of kaposis sarcoma?

A

HIV/AIDS

human herpes virus 8

21
Q

what is the appearance of kaposis sarcoma?

A

red, purple or brown blotches around the skin

typically on the legs

22
Q

what is the treatment of kaposis sarcoma?

A

excision and biopsy

HAART in HIV/AIDs

23
Q

what are indications for chemotherapy or interferon alpha in kaposis sarcoma?

A

widespread skin involvement with >25 lesions
extensive oral disease
systemic oedema

P year dermatology (8 decks)

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