malignant hematology Flashcards
what percent of ALL cases present in patients less than 20 years old?
> 50%
what percent of ALL cases are B-cell malignancies?
75%
what is the 5 year overall survival of when ALL occurs over 60 years old?
20%
in treatment of ALL, what medication is held after age 40?
peg-asparaginase
what toxicities are associated with asparaginase, among others?
pancreatitis and thrombosis
what 2 toxicities are associated with high dose steroids, among others?
hyperglycemia and PJP pneumonia
what is an important prognostic factor obtained after initial induction therapy in ALL?
minimal residual disease
what are the three treatment stages of ALL?
induction, consolidation, maintenance
what is the average at diagnosis in AML?
68
what finding is characteristic of AML?
> 20% myeloblasts
multipotential hematopoetic stem cells can differentiate into what 2 types of cells?
common myeloid progenitors and common lymphoid progenitors
common myeloid progenitors can differentiate into what 4 types of cells?
megakaryocytes, erythrocytes, mast cells, and myeloblasts
myeloblasts can differentiate into what 4 types of cells?
basophil, neutrophil, eosinophil, monocyte
monocytes can differentiate into what 2 types of cells?
macrophage, dendritic cell
common lymphoid progenitors differentiate into what 2 types of cells?
natural killer cells, small lymphocytes
small lymphocytes differentiate into what 2 types of cells?
B cells, T cells
B cells can further differentiate into what type of cells?
plasma cells
what are some common presenting symptoms of AML?
cytopenic symptoms such as infection, fevers, bleeding, fatigue, shortness of breath
what should be considered when AML presents with DIC?
Acute Promyelogenous Leukemia (APL)
what is the term for when myeloblasts clump together and occlude vessels?
leukostasis
when is leukophoresis indicated for leukostasis?
WBC > 50k and symptomatic or >100k
what type of AML has a long-term cure rate of 90%, with most mortalities occuring early on due to DIC and hemorrhage?
Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL)
