malignant hematology

Question 1

what percent of ALL cases present in patients less than 20 years old?

Answer 1

> 50%

Question 2

what percent of ALL cases are B-cell malignancies?

Answer 2

75%

Question 3

what is the 5 year overall survival of when ALL occurs over 60 years old?

Answer 3

20%

Question 4

in treatment of ALL, what medication is held after age 40?

Answer 4

peg-asparaginase

Question 5

what toxicities are associated with asparaginase, among others?

Answer 5

pancreatitis and thrombosis

Question 6

what 2 toxicities are associated with high dose steroids, among others?

Answer 6

hyperglycemia and PJP pneumonia

Question 7

what is an important prognostic factor obtained after initial induction therapy in ALL?

Answer 7

minimal residual disease

Question 8

what are the three treatment stages of ALL?

Answer 8

induction, consolidation, maintenance

Question 9

what is the average at diagnosis in AML?

Answer 9

68

Question 10

what finding is characteristic of AML?

Answer 10

> 20% myeloblasts

Question 11

multipotential hematopoetic stem cells can differentiate into what 2 types of cells?

Answer 11

common myeloid progenitors and common lymphoid progenitors

Question 12

common myeloid progenitors can differentiate into what 4 types of cells?

Answer 12

megakaryocytes, erythrocytes, mast cells, and myeloblasts

Question 13

myeloblasts can differentiate into what 4 types of cells?

Answer 13

basophil, neutrophil, eosinophil, monocyte

Question 14

monocytes can differentiate into what 2 types of cells?

Answer 14

macrophage, dendritic cell

Question 15

common lymphoid progenitors differentiate into what 2 types of cells?

Answer 15

natural killer cells, small lymphocytes

Question 16

small lymphocytes differentiate into what 2 types of cells?

Answer 16

B cells, T cells

Question 17

B cells can further differentiate into what type of cells?

Answer 17

plasma cells

Question 18

what are some common presenting symptoms of AML?

Answer 18

cytopenic symptoms such as infection, fevers, bleeding, fatigue, shortness of breath

Question 19

what should be considered when AML presents with DIC?

Answer 19

Acute Promyelogenous Leukemia (APL)

Question 20

what is the term for when myeloblasts clump together and occlude vessels?

Answer 20

leukostasis

Question 21

when is leukophoresis indicated for leukostasis?

Answer 21

WBC > 50k and symptomatic or >100k

Question 22

what type of AML has a long-term cure rate of 90%, with most mortalities occuring early on due to DIC and hemorrhage?

Answer 22

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL)