biomarkers

Question 1

HER2 is mutated in what cancers

Answer 1

breast and gastric cancer

Question 2

what does mismatch repair deficiency cause to happen to DNA?

Answer 2

microsatellites are not repaired correctly and become unstable, causing microsattelite instability (MSI)

Question 3

absence of MLH1, PMS2, MSH2, and/or MSH6 is considered what?

Answer 3

mismatch repair deficiency (MMR-D)

Question 4

how to test for MSI?

Answer 4

DNA next-generation sequencing or PCR to measure the degree of indel mutations involving microsatellite loci

Question 5

how to test for MMR?

Answer 5

immunohistochemistry (IHC) to check for MMR protein expression

Question 6

uterine endometroid, colorectal, bladder, esophagogastric, and prostate cancers should all be tested for what?

Answer 6

microsatellite instability (MSI) and mismatch repair deficiency (MMR-D)

Question 7

measures burden of mutations carried by tumor cells

Answer 7

tumor mutational burden (TMB)

Question 8

when to use pembrolizumab in considering TMB?

Answer 8

unresectable or metastatic TMB-H (>10 mutations/megabase) solid tumors

Question 9

VEGF stands for

Answer 9

vascular endothelial growth factor

Question 10

HDAC stands for

Answer 10

histone deacetylase inhibitor