malignacy

Question 1

CNS tumours presentation

Answer 1

unexplained headache - worse lying down
Vomiting - especially early morning
Papilloedema
Squint
Nystagmus
Ataxia
Personality or behaviour change

Question 2

most common CNS tumour and association

Answer 2

brainstem astrocytoma - neurofibromatosis 1 (always scan if have this)

Question 3

CNS tumours treatment

Answer 3

Surgery
Radiotherapy - high-energy X-rays to destroy tumour cells and is often used after surgery. causes damage to the developing nervous system, not appropriate for very young children.
Chemotherapy - Unfortunately many drugs that are effective against other malignant disease are ineffective in treatment of CNS tumours, as do not penetrate the blood brain barrier.

Question 4

neuroblastoma presentation

Answer 4

abdominal mass, weight loss, proptosis (abnormal eye displacement)

Question 5

neuroblastoma management

Answer 5

Surgery
Chemotherapy
Radiotherapy - Mainly for high risk group or at relapse

Question 6

wilms tumour presentation

Answer 6

painless, palpable abdominal mass
fever
flank pain

Question 7

wilms tumour management

Answer 7

chemotherapy and nephrectomy

Question 8

retinoblastoma presentation

Answer 8

absent red reflex
leukocoria (white pupil)
visual problems

Question 9

retinoblastoma cause

Answer 9

largely genetic

loss of function of retinoblastom supressor gene