endo Flashcards
normal range for plasma glucose
fasting 3.5-5.6
post prandial <7.8
diabetes diagnosis
oral glucose tolerance test
Fasting = ≥7.0mmol/L
Post OGTT = ≥11.1mmol/l
HbA1c = 48mmol (> 6.5%)
type 1 diabetes cause
t cell mediated destruction of pancreatic B cells
causes insulin deficiency and hyperglycaemia
type 1 diabetes presentation
polyuria
lethargy
polydipsia
weight loss
type 1 diabetes management and OD symptoms (and cure)
insulin weakness vomiting abdo pain give glucogel
diabetic ketoacidosis cause
prolonged insulin deficiency
diabetic ketoacidosis signs
confusion vomiting polyuria polydipsia weight loss abdo pain
diabetic ketoacidosis diagnosis
hyperglycaemia
acidosis
ketones in urine and blood >3
diabetic ketoacidosis management
correct dehydration - IV fluids
insulin - 1hr after fluids as can cause hypokalaemia
monitor electrolytes - K+
diabetic ketoacidosis fluids boluses weights maintenance insulin
correct over 48 hours boluses - 10ml/kg 0.9% NaCl <10kg 2ml/kg/hr 10-40kg 1ml/kg/hr >40kg 40ml/hr
When calculating the fluid requirement for children and young people with DKA, assume:
a 5% fluid deficit in mild to moderate DKA (indicated by a blood pH of 7.1 or above)
a 10% fluid deficit in severe DKA (indicated by a blood pH below 7.1).
maintenance + correction - %dehydration x 10 x kg
insulin - 0.1units/kg/hour (1hour after fluids)
diabetic ketoacidosis complications
cerebral oedema - decreased HR, increased BP and ICP, restless, irritable, falling consciousness
hypo signs
autonomic - irritable, hungry, nauseous
neuroglycopenic - dizzy, headache confusion, LOC
hypo managment
mild/moderate, severe
3-5 glucose tablets, if no improvement after 10mins repeat
Glucagon - s/c or i/m injection
if < 5 years = 0.5mg
if > 5 years = 1mg
Wait 10 minutes, when conscious give sugar
diabetic complications
retinopathy
nephropathy
neuropathy
hypothyroidism signs
prolonged neonatal jaundice poor feeding hypotonia dry skin/hair bradycardia constipation
