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AY Haematology > Malgnant Haematology > Flashcards

Malgnant Haematology Flashcards

1
Q

What cell has a horseshoe shaped nucleus?

A

Monocyte

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2
Q

What characterises malignant haemopoiesis?

A 
Increased numbers of often dysfunctional cells 
Increased proliferation 
Lack of differentiation 
Lack of maturation 
Lack of apopotosis
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3
Q

Which cells have a segmented nucleus?

A

Neutrophils

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4
Q

How does acute leukaemia look on microscopy?

A

Bone marrow overun by monotonous big nucleus, immature blasts

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5
Q

What is the most common cancer in childhood in the UK?

A

Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia

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6
Q

What is acte leukaemia?

A

Rapidly progressive clonal malignancy of the marrow/blood with maturation defects
excess of ‘blasts’ >20%
Decrease/loss of normal haemopoietic reserve

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7
Q

How does ALL present?

A

Marrow failure
High WCC
Involvement of extra-medullary areas (e.g. CNS)
Bonepain

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8
Q

In which patient group is AML more common in?

A

Elderly .60 years) (

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9
Q

How is AML diagnosed whencomapred to ALL?

A

Immunophenotyping

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10
Q

How are AML & ALL treated?

A

Multi-agent chemo

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11
Q

How is chemo administered in ALL & AML?

A

Hickman-line

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12
Q

Complications of chemo

A 
Nausea & vomiting
Hair loss 
Liver, renal dysfunction 
Tumour lysis syndrme 
Infection
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13
Q

What is the treatment for a chemo patient as soon as they get a neutropenic fever?

A

Broad spectrum antibiotics (particularly gram neg)

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14
Q

Which cell cycle specific agents work on the S phase?

A

Antimetabolites

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15
Q

Which cell cycle specific cytotoxic agents work on the Mphase?

A

Mitotic spindle inhibitors

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16
Q

How does methotrexate work?

A

Inhibits dihydrofolate reductase

Folate is important for DNA synthesis

17
Q

How do alkylating agents work?

A

Bind covalently to bases of DNA to produce DNA strand breaks

18
Q

Immediate side effects of cytotoxic drugs

A

Bone marrow suppression
Gut mucosal damage
Alopecia

19
Q

What is a specific side efect of Vinca alkaloids?

A

Neuropathy

20
Q

What is a specific side effect of anthracyclines

A

Cardiotoxicity

21
Q

What is a specific side effect of Cis-platinum?

A

Nephrotoxicity

AY Haematology (12 decks)

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