Male Sexual function

Question 1

what are the 4 main phases of sexual response in men and women

Answer 1

1. Excitement
2. Plateau
3. Orgasm
4. Resolution

Question 2

what do males have that women don’t have?

Answer 2

a refractory period in between the orgasm and resolution phases

Question 3

what initiates the excitement phase and what are 4 types of it

think types of erotic stimuli

Answer 3

erotic stimuli, either:
physical,
visual,
chemical
proceptive

Question 4

what happens to the penis, scrotum,urethra and testes in excitement phase

Answer 4

• penis stiffens and increases in length
• urethra opens
• scrotal skin becomes congested and thickened
• testes elevated by contraction of cremaster muscle

testes elevating allows good orientation for sperm tubes

Question 5

why does the plateau phase occur?

Answer 5

due to continued presence of erotic stimuli

Question 6

think: glans penis, urethral bulb, emissions, testes, prostate gland

What are 5 features of the plateau phase

Answer 6

1. slight increase of glans penis (your tip)
2. urethral bulb enlarges 3 fold
3. preorgasmic emissions from Cowper’s gland
4. testes more elevated and rotate to lie closer to groin
5. prostate gland enlarges

Question 7

what happens in the orgasmic phase

Answer 7

• loss of voluntary control of muscle

Question 8

what are features of the orgasmic phase

think testes elevation. think HR, respiratory rate and BP. think redness on face, think smooth muscle contraction, think surrounding musculature.

Answer 8

• testes at max elevation
• HR, respiratory rate and BP peak
• redness peaks in intensity and distribution on face
• smooth muscle contraction expel ejaculatory fluid into urethral bulb
• rhythmic contractions of surrounding musculature result in forceful expulsion

Question 9

what do the 1st 3-4 contractions do in the orgasmic phase

Answer 9

most forceful and expel majority of ejaculatory fluid

Question 10

think erection

what is the refractory period

Answer 10

• erotic stimuli not effective at initiating/maintaining an erection

• refractory period tends to increase with age

Question 11

what is the resolution phase

Answer 11

• when arousal mechanisms return to resting state

Question 12

what are features of resolution phase and how can it be lengthened or shortened?

think: penis size, muscle tension/redness, HR and Respiratory rate and BP

Answer 12

• 50% of penis size is lost rapidly
• muscle tension & redness disappears
• HR, Respiratory rate and BP decreases within 5 mins
• entire phase can be 2 hrs but can be lengthened by physical contact or shortened by urination

Question 13

outline 3 different stimulus for erections and areas in the body are effected

Answer 13

1. Pschogenic - (erotic stimuli)- limbic system
2. reflexogenic/tactile - (direct genital stimulation) - afferent nerves
3. nocturnal - no external stimulus

Question 14

what state does the penis stay in and what is a feature of this state

for feature think corpora cavernosa and arterial wall

Answer 14

• flaccid state
• features:
• corpora cavernosa smooth muscle and arterial wall smooth muscle contract to allow small amount of blood flow for nutrition

Question 15

what are the 3 main changes to the penis during erection

think sinusoids, arteries, veins doing something between tunic albuginea and peripheral sinusoids

Answer 15

• sinusoids expand trapping incoming blood
• arterial dilation for increased blood flow
• venous compression between tunica albuginea and peripheral sinusoids leading to reduced venous outflow

Question 16

what are the 2 parts of ejaculation

Answer 16

1. emission
   2, expulsion

Question 17

what can occur before main expulsion of seminal fluid and what does it contain the same concentration of ?

Answer 17

• minor expulsion from the Cowper’s gland can occur
• concentration of spermatozoa can be similar to that of main expulsion.

this is how you can become pregnant despite not full ejaculation

Question 18

what does the emission section of ejaculation start with

think bladder

Answer 18

closure of the bladder

(sympathetic innervation at base of bladder), also stops fluid going both ways down the tube

Question 19

In emission, what does the seminal vesicle fluid (fructose) do?

Answer 19

alkalinises final ejaculatory product

Question 20

what are the secretion contributions to ejaculatory fluid

prostate, vas Deferens, Seminal vesicles

Answer 20

prostate -10%
vas Deferens - 10%
seminal vesicle - 75-80%

Question 21

think urethra

what is expulsion in ejaculation

Answer 21

discharge of ejaculatory fluid from urethra

Question 22

what is 2 features of the physiology in expulsion in ejaculation

think Ex. urethral sphincter, prostate/bulbospong/ischio, pelvic muscles

Answer 22

1. relaxation of external urethral sphincter
2. rhythmic contractions of prostate, bulbospongiosus and ischiocavernosus muscles, and pelvic muscles

Question 23

begins with p

what nerve sends the efferent signal for expulsion in ejaculation

Answer 23

pudendal nerve

Question 24

what are 3 features of the physiology of orgasms

think blood and breathing

Answer 24

• hyperventilation
• tachycardia
• high blood pressure

Question 25

what are 3 factors that affect quality and intensity of orgasms

Answer 25

• androgen level
• build up time
• fluid volume

Question 26

what hormones increase in level after orgasm

Answer 26

• oxytocin
• prolactin