Anatomy of the reproductive tract Part 1: pelvis and perineum Flashcards
pelvis and perineum
what is the pelvic cavity continuous with and what does it have on the top and bottom borders?
think abdomen for first part
- continuous with abdominal cavity
- has pelvic inlet (top border) and pelvic outlet (bottom border)
pelvis and perineum
What is the pelvis split into and give brief description on their anatomical location and what they house
for first part, think of these signs: < and >
for second part, think about where they are compared to pelvic inlet and what they are likely to house based on this
Greater/false pelvis:
- area superior to pelvic inlet
- house most abdominal organs
Lesser/true pelvis:
- area between pelvic inlet and pelvic floor
- house reproductive organs and terminal parts of the urinary and GI system
Pelvis and Perineum
what is the perineum and what does it house
think thinks men and women have for second part
- Diamond shaped area inferior to the pelvic floor
- houses external genitalia
pelvic girdle
what is the pelvic girdle made up of and what where does the sacrum articulate with the innominate bones?
For first part, think vertebral levels and fused bones
for second part, think name of a joint
Pelvic girdle made up of:
- Sacrum
- Coccyx
- the two innominate bones
Sacrum articulates with the innominate bones at the sacroiliac joints
pelvic girdle
how do the innominate (hip) bones articulate?
think about anatomical position and cartilage
- articulate anteriorly at the pubic symphysis
Pelvic osteology
what 3 bones make up the innominate (hip) bones?
- Ileum
- Ischium
- Pubis
pelvic osteology
what does the ishical tuberosity allow for?
think muscles
allows for muscle attachment
Pelvic Wall: ligaments
where do these ligaments extend to, what do they create and what is their unanimous function
- sacrospinous ligament
- sacrotuberous ligament
for second part, think of these signs again: < and >
Sacrospinous ligament:
- extends from sacrum –> ischial spine
- creates the greater sciatic foramen
Sacrotuberous ligament:
- sacrum –> ischial tuberosity
- creates the lesser sciatic foramen
pelvic Wall: ligaments
what is the function of the sacrospinous ligament and sacrotuberous ligament?
think stability and upward tilt of something
function of both of them is:
- to stabilise sacrum and sacral leg joints
- to prevent upward tiliting of sacrum
Pelvic Floor/Wall
what 2 muscles contribute to the pelvic wall?
- obturator internus
- piriformis
Pelvic floor
where does the obturator internus and piriformis exit the pelvic floor and what does the obturator internus attach to?
think foramen for first part
Oburator internus:
- exits via lesser sciatic foramen
- attaches to the femur
Piriformis:
- exits via the greater sciatic foramen
Pelvic Floor
what 2 muscles make up the pelvic floor and what are they innervated by
- Levator ani
- coccygeus
they are innervated by anterior rami of spinal nerves S3-S4
pelvic floor
what 3 muscles is the Levator ani divided into?
- puborectalis
- Pubococcygeus
- llliococcygeus
Perineum
what is the perineum bounded by in general?
think cartilage, rami, ligaments and the last bone in your vetebral column
Bounded by:
- pubic symphysis
- ischiopubic rami
- sacrotuberous ligaments
- coccyx
perineum
waht is the perineum bounded by specifically superiorly and inferiorly?
Bounded superiorly by:
- pelvic floor muscles
Bound inferiorly by:
- skin
perineum
if an imaginary anatomical line in drawn between the ischial tuberosities, what two triangles are created in the perineum and what would be in both triangles?
Urogenital triangle (Anteriorly):
- contains external genitalia (like penis and scrotum in men)
Anal triangle (Posteriorly):
- contains anal canal opening
perineal membrane
what is the perineal membrane and what is it attached to, what triangle does it cover, what does it have attachment points for and what does it hav openings for
for first part, think what type of membrane and for attachment think rami and bone in pelvis
for second part think anterior imaginary triangle
for third part think what differentiates the sexes
for fourth part think about sex organs and also urination
- triangular fibrous membrane attached to the inferior pubic rami and ischia
- covers urogenital triangle (ONLY, doesnt cover anal triangle)
- has attachment points for the roots of external genitalia and associated muscles
- has openings for vagina in women and urethra in both sexes.
Perineal membrane
what 2 spaces are created due to the perineal membrane and where are they located in relation to the perineal membrane
think about pouches for the first part
Deep perineal pouch:
- located above perineal membrane and below pelvic floor muscles
Superficial perineal pouch:
- located below the perineal membrane
perineal membrane
what connects the pelvic floor muscles with the perineal membrane, where is it found in relation to the perineal membrane and what is its function?
- The Pelvic Body
- it is found on the posterior side of the perineal membrane
- function is to provide pelvic floor support
Deep Perineal pouch
waht does the deep perineal pouch house in females and males?
Females:
- urethra
- vagina
- sphincter musculature
Males:
- urethra
- associated sphincter musculature
- bulbourethral glands
deep perineal pouch
what do deep transverse perineal muscles do?
help support the perineal body
superficial perineal pouch
what 3 things are found in the superficial perineal pouch common to both genders and give 2 examples of each
- pudendal nerve + its branches E.g: perinela nerve, dorsal nerve of clitoris/penis
- erectile tissue E.G. corpora cavernosa and corpus songiosum
- muscle covering erectile tissue E.g ischiocavernosus and bulospongiosus muscles
Superficial perineal pouch
what 4 things are found in the superficial perinela pouch that is exclusive to females
- labia majora and labia minora
- crura (corpora cavernosa) of clitoris
- vesitbular (clitoral) bulbs
- greater vestibualr (Bartolin’s) glands
think:
- vaginal lips
- tissue that has a word that sounds similar to the word “corporal” in the vagina
- bulbs that have “vest” in the name and glands that have “vest” in the name
superficial perineal pouch
what 4 things found in the superficial perineal pouch that is exclusive to males
think “corporal” tissues in penis, the tube you pee out of, the organ that produces sperm and the skin that encases your balls
- crura (corpora cavernosa) and bulb (corpus spongiosum) of penis
- urethra
- testes
- scrotum
