Anatomy of the reproductive tract Part 1: pelvis and perineum Flashcards

1
Q

pelvis and perineum

what is the pelvic cavity continuous with and what does it have on the top and bottom borders?

think abdomen for first part

A
  • continuous with abdominal cavity
  • has pelvic inlet (top border) and pelvic outlet (bottom border)
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2
Q

pelvis and perineum

What is the pelvis split into and give brief description on their anatomical location and what they house

for first part, think of these signs: < and >

for second part, think about where they are compared to pelvic inlet and what they are likely to house based on this

A

Greater/false pelvis:
- area superior to pelvic inlet
- house most abdominal organs

Lesser/true pelvis:
- area between pelvic inlet and pelvic floor
- house reproductive organs and terminal parts of the urinary and GI system

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3
Q

Pelvis and Perineum

what is the perineum and what does it house

think thinks men and women have for second part

A
  • Diamond shaped area inferior to the pelvic floor
  • houses external genitalia
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4
Q

pelvic girdle

what is the pelvic girdle made up of and what where does the sacrum articulate with the innominate bones?

For first part, think vertebral levels and fused bones
for second part, think name of a joint

A

Pelvic girdle made up of:
- Sacrum
- Coccyx
- the two innominate bones

Sacrum articulates with the innominate bones at the sacroiliac joints

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5
Q

pelvic girdle

how do the innominate (hip) bones articulate?

think about anatomical position and cartilage

A
  • articulate anteriorly at the pubic symphysis
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6
Q

Pelvic osteology

what 3 bones make up the innominate (hip) bones?

A
  • Ileum
  • Ischium
  • Pubis
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7
Q

pelvic osteology

what does the ishical tuberosity allow for?

think muscles

A

allows for muscle attachment

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8
Q

Pelvic Wall: ligaments

where do these ligaments extend to, what do they create and what is their unanimous function

  • sacrospinous ligament
  • sacrotuberous ligament

for second part, think of these signs again: < and >

A

Sacrospinous ligament:
- extends from sacrum –> ischial spine
- creates the greater sciatic foramen

Sacrotuberous ligament:
- sacrum –> ischial tuberosity
- creates the lesser sciatic foramen

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9
Q

pelvic Wall: ligaments

what is the function of the sacrospinous ligament and sacrotuberous ligament?

think stability and upward tilt of something

A

function of both of them is:
- to stabilise sacrum and sacral leg joints

  • to prevent upward tiliting of sacrum
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10
Q

Pelvic Floor/Wall

what 2 muscles contribute to the pelvic wall?

A
  • obturator internus
  • piriformis
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11
Q

Pelvic floor

where does the obturator internus and piriformis exit the pelvic floor and what does the obturator internus attach to?

think foramen for first part

A

Oburator internus:
- exits via lesser sciatic foramen

  • attaches to the femur

Piriformis:
- exits via the greater sciatic foramen

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12
Q

Pelvic Floor

what 2 muscles make up the pelvic floor and what are they innervated by

A
  • Levator ani
  • coccygeus

they are innervated by anterior rami of spinal nerves S3-S4

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13
Q

pelvic floor

what 3 muscles is the Levator ani divided into?

A
  • puborectalis
  • Pubococcygeus
  • llliococcygeus
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14
Q

Perineum

what is the perineum bounded by in general?

think cartilage, rami, ligaments and the last bone in your vetebral column

A

Bounded by:

  • pubic symphysis
  • ischiopubic rami
  • sacrotuberous ligaments
  • coccyx
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15
Q

perineum

waht is the perineum bounded by specifically superiorly and inferiorly?

A

Bounded superiorly by:
- pelvic floor muscles

Bound inferiorly by:
- skin

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16
Q

perineum

if an imaginary anatomical line in drawn between the ischial tuberosities, what two triangles are created in the perineum and what would be in both triangles?

A

Urogenital triangle (Anteriorly):
- contains external genitalia (like penis and scrotum in men)

Anal triangle (Posteriorly):
- contains anal canal opening

17
Q

perineal membrane

what is the perineal membrane and what is it attached to, what triangle does it cover, what does it have attachment points for and what does it hav openings for

for first part, think what type of membrane and for attachment think rami and bone in pelvis

for second part think anterior imaginary triangle

for third part think what differentiates the sexes

for fourth part think about sex organs and also urination

A
  • triangular fibrous membrane attached to the inferior pubic rami and ischia
  • covers urogenital triangle (ONLY, doesnt cover anal triangle)
  • has attachment points for the roots of external genitalia and associated muscles
  • has openings for vagina in women and urethra in both sexes.
18
Q

Perineal membrane

what 2 spaces are created due to the perineal membrane and where are they located in relation to the perineal membrane

think about pouches for the first part

A

Deep perineal pouch:
- located above perineal membrane and below pelvic floor muscles

Superficial perineal pouch:
- located below the perineal membrane

19
Q

perineal membrane

what connects the pelvic floor muscles with the perineal membrane, where is it found in relation to the perineal membrane and what is its function?

A
  • The Pelvic Body
  • it is found on the posterior side of the perineal membrane
  • function is to provide pelvic floor support
20
Q

Deep Perineal pouch

waht does the deep perineal pouch house in females and males?

A

Females:
- urethra
- vagina
- sphincter musculature

Males:
- urethra
- associated sphincter musculature
- bulbourethral glands

21
Q

deep perineal pouch

what do deep transverse perineal muscles do?

A

help support the perineal body

22
Q

superficial perineal pouch

what 3 things are found in the superficial perineal pouch common to both genders and give 2 examples of each

A
  • pudendal nerve + its branches E.g: perinela nerve, dorsal nerve of clitoris/penis
  • erectile tissue E.G. corpora cavernosa and corpus songiosum
  • muscle covering erectile tissue E.g ischiocavernosus and bulospongiosus muscles
23
Q

Superficial perineal pouch

what 4 things are found in the superficial perinela pouch that is exclusive to females

A
  • labia majora and labia minora
  • crura (corpora cavernosa) of clitoris
  • vesitbular (clitoral) bulbs
  • greater vestibualr (Bartolin’s) glands

think:
- vaginal lips

  • tissue that has a word that sounds similar to the word “corporal” in the vagina
  • bulbs that have “vest” in the name and glands that have “vest” in the name
24
Q

superficial perineal pouch

what 4 things found in the superficial perineal pouch that is exclusive to males

think “corporal” tissues in penis, the tube you pee out of, the organ that produces sperm and the skin that encases your balls

A
  • crura (corpora cavernosa) and bulb (corpus spongiosum) of penis
  • urethra
  • testes
  • scrotum
25
Q

Clitoris and Penis

what is 3 similarities and 1 difference between the clitoris and the penis?

for similarities, think the erectile tissue, what innervates the clitoris and penis and via what nerve branch, and what tissue that has a name similar to the word “corporal”

for differences:
- think about the word “sponge” and “corporal” and what females do and dont have

A

similarities:
- both highly vascular erectile tissues

  • both innverated by pudendal nerve via the dorsal nerve branch
  • both contain corpora cavernosa

Difference:
- only penis has corpus spongiosum whereas the clitoris has vestibular bulbs