male sex hormones Flashcards

1
Q

androgens cause…

A

masculinisation

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2
Q

in the normal male, androgens inhibit…… and depress …..

A

inhibit pituitary gonadotrophin secretion
depress spermatogenesis

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3
Q

androgens also have anabolic action which led to the development of….

A

anabolic steroids

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4
Q

androgens are useless as a treatment of impotence and impaired spermatogenesis unless

A

there is associated hypogonadism, but do not give until hypogonadism has been properly investigated. treatment should be under expert supervision

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5
Q

when given to pt with hypopituitarism they can lead to ….

A

normal sexual development and potency but not to fertility

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6
Q

if fertility is desired, the usual treatment is with …… which will ……

A

gonadotrophins or pulsatile gonadotrophin-releasing hormone which will stimulate spermatogenesis as well as androgen production.

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7
Q

IM depot preparations of testosterone esters are preferred for….

A

replacement therapy

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8
Q

examples of testosterone esters which can be preferred for replacement therapy

A

Testosterone enantate, propionate or undecanoate, or alternatively Sustanon®, which consists of a mixture of testosterone esters and has a longer duration of action, may be used.

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9
Q

what is cyproterone acetate and what is it used for

A

anti-androgen used in the treatment of severe hyper sexuality and sexual deviation in the male

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10
Q

how does cyproterone acetate work

A

inhibits spermatogenesis and produces reversible infertility (but is not a male contraceptive); abnormal sperm forms are produced.

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11
Q

cyptoperone acetate is also licensed for use alone in pt with …

A

metastatic prostate cancer refractory to gonadorelin analogue therapy, and has been used as an adjunct in prostatic cancer and in the treatment of acne and hirsutism in women.

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12
Q

dutasteride and finasteride drug class

A

5a-reductase inhibitors

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13
Q

use of dutasteride and finasteride as alternatives to alpha blockers in ……

A

particularly in men with significantly larger prostate

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14
Q

finasteride is licensed for use with doxazosin in …

A

management of benign prostatic hyperplasia

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15
Q

1mg finasteride is also used to treat

A

male pattern baldness in men

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16
Q

activity of anabolic steroids

A

some androgenic activity but they cause less virilisation than androgens in women

17
Q

anabolic steroids are used in the treatment of some

A

aplastic anaemias

18
Q

androgens are contraindicated in

A

breast cancer in males
Hx liver tumours
hypercalaemia
prostate cancer

19
Q

what to do if hypercalcaemia or hypercalciuria occurs with androgen

A

treat appropriately and restart treatment once normal serum calcium conc is restored

20
Q

common side effects of androgens

A

hot flush
hypertension
polycythaemia
prostate abnormalities
skin reactions
weight gain

21
Q

testosterone indicated for women for this indication …

A

low sexual desire in postmenopausal women (administered under expert advice)

22
Q

MHRA advice topical testosterone - risk of harm to children following accidental exposure

A
  • resulting in genital enlargement and premature puberty due to increased blood testosterone levels
  • repeated accidental exposure in females may also result in facial and/or body hair growth, deepening of voice and menstrual cycle changes
  • counsel pt on how to reduce this risk e.g. washing hands etc
23
Q

common side effect of testosterone on lipids

A

hypertriglycerides

24
Q

directions for administration of testosterone gel

A

avoid skin contact with gel application sites to prevent accidental exposure to other people esp pregnant women and children

25
Q

androgens can be used as replacement therapy in ….

A

castrated adults and in those who are hypogonadal due to either pituitary or testicular disease

26
Q

MHRA for cyproterone acetate

A

increased risk of meningioma
HCP to monitor pt for this and permanently discontinue if diagnosed
CI in meningioma and Hx meningioma

THIS INCLUDES CO CYPRINDIOL (Ethinylestradiol/cyproterone)

27
Q

what is co cyprindiol

A

contains Ethinylestradiol/cyproterone

used in women of CB for moderate to severe acne vulgaris related to hyperandrogenism caused by polycystic ovary syndrome [adjunct in refractory acne],
Moderately severe hirsutism

28
Q

which drug has MHRA advice regarding increased risk of meningioma (a tumour, usually benign, arising from meningeal tissue of the brain.)

A

cyproterone