Male Ruminant Repro

Question 1

What is the toxic dose of lidocaine?

Answer 1

4-6mg/kg
*avg: 5mg/kg*

goats are especially sensitive!

Question 2

When should calves, lambs, & kids be castrated?

Answer 2

*1st month of life*

calves can be in lateral recumbency

Question 3

What drug(s) can we use for sedation besides xylazine, since ruminants are so sensitive?

Answer 3

Midazolam {0.2mg/kg} +butorphanol{0.02 mg/kg}

Question 4

What is this & what’s the general premise?

Answer 4

Henderson Castrating tool

basically connects to a drill that twists the spermatic cord until it breaks
→ provides good hemostasis

Question 5

What are the indications for a unilateral orchiectomy & how long does it take before the animal starts producing normal sperm again?

Answer 5

Hydrocele
— Hematocele
— Testicualar tumor
— Abscess
— Varicocele

60-64 days
*might need to wait up to 2 months for normal spermatogenesis to resume*

Question 6

How do we approach a unilateral orchiectomy?

Answer 6

open technique

vertical skin incision on lateral aspect of scrotum
{through parietal vaginal tunic}

*elliptical incision/partial removal of scrotum
→ better bc minimize dead space*

Question 7

What is this tool?
Who is it reserved for?
How long does it take for the castration to complete?

Answer 7

Elastrator

reserved for neonates /animals < 1 month of age

takes ~3 weeks for testes & scrotum to slough

Question 8

What tool is pictured?
Who would be good candidates for use?

Answer 8

Callicrate Bander
{aka “EZ Bander”}

elastic-like tubing allows for the same idea as elastrator,
but is strong enough to provide ischemia for
bulls <400kg or adult sm.ruminants

Question 9

How far from the base of the scrotum would we expect to find an ectopic testicle in a cryptorchid bull?

Answer 9

15-30cm

remember: in bulls,
the left testis is most commonly retained

Question 10

What’s the surgical approach for vasectomy?

Answer 10

1-2 cm vertical incision in neck of scrotum {cranial}
— Continued through vaginal tunic
— 1 incision per side

Question 11

How do we perform a pudendal nerve block?

what does it desensitize?

Answer 11

There’s a left & right pudendal n.

use 6” 18G spinal needle
& guide by rectal palpation:
try to feel the cranial edge of the lesser sciatic foramen*
→should feel beating pudendal a.*
*→~1cm dorsally is the pudendal n.
→once happy w/nerve ID, create ~20mL lidocaine bleb
in the cranial aspect of the lesser sciatic foramen

Desensitizes prepuce, free end of penis, & relaxes retractor penile mm.

• *10**: lesser sciatic foramen
• *16**: pudendal n.

Question 12

When do we start to consider surgical treatment for preputial prolapse?

Answer 12

Chronic preputial prolapse
OR
swelling/infection subside, but healing of initial trauma
led to stenosis of preputial orifice

Question 13

Why would we create a preputial stoma?

Answer 13

For semen collection from a bull w.phimosis d/t *stenosis…

Longitudinal elliptical incision
on ventral aspect prox.to stenotic scar
— ~ 6 cm long & 2 cm wde
— —*

Question 14

What’s the significance of where the retractor penile mm.attach in penile hematoma cases?

Answer 14

Retractor penile mm.attach on ventral aspect of penis…
Penile hematomas happen almost exclusively
in the dorsal or lateral aspect of penis,
distal to curve of SF

Question 15

The pudendal n.provides motor supply to the retractor penile mm., but it has a branch that serves another purpose… what is it?

Answer 15

Dorsal Nerve of the Penis
{br.of pudendal n.}

provides sensory innervation of penis,
which plays a major role in penetration
-so damage to this nerve compromises ejaculation-
*most commonly associated w.penile hematomas*

Question 16

What’s the most common penile lesion in bulls?

Answer 16

penile hematomas

usu.during full erection just before intromission,
they miss the vagina; penis bends
→ rupture of tunica albuginea

Question 17

What’s the most common neoplasia in bulls?

Answer 17

penile fibropapilloma
usu.in young bulls