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MD1 Reproduction > Male Reproductive System Histology > Flashcards

Male Reproductive System Histology Flashcards

1
Q

What becomes the Wolffian duct?

A

Mesonephric duct

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2
Q

Where does the Mullerian duct develop?

A

Beside Wolffian duct

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3
Q

What gene drives testis development?

A

Sry gene, on Y chromosome

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4
Q

What does anti-Mullerian hormone do?

A

Causes Mullerian duct to degenerate

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5
Q

What effect does testosterone have on the developing male reproductive tract?

A

Differentiation of male reproductive organs

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6
Q

What is cryptorchidism?

A

Problem in testis descent

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7
Q

What are the histological changes seen in cryptorchidism?

A

Hypoplasia of Leydig cells
Smaller seminiferous tubules
Fewer spermatogonia
Peritubular fibrosis

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8
Q

Which cancer are you at a greater risk of with cryptorchidism?

A

Testicular cancer

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9
Q

How many lobules make up the testis?

A

250

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10
Q

How many seminiferous tubules are contained in each lobule of the testis?

A

1-4

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11
Q

Where do the seminiferous tubules end?

A

As straight tubule = tubulus erectus

At mediastinum

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12
Q

What does the tubulus erectus connect to?

A

Rete testis = anastomosing channel system

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13
Q

What are the layers of the testis?

A 
Outermost: tunica vaginalis
- Extension of abdominal peritoneum, taken during descent
Tunica albuginea
- Dense connective tissue capsule
- At posterior surface thickens and projects inward = mediastinum testis
Innermost: tunica vasculosa
- Loose, connective tissue
- Contains blood vessels
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14
Q

Where does spermatogenesis occur?

A

At seminiferous epithelium

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15
Q

What is in between the seminiferous tubules?

A

Interstitium

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16
Q

What are the cells within the seminiferous tubules?

A

Sertoli cells = supporting cell lineage

Spermatogenic cells = germ cells

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17
Q

What are the cells surrounding the seminiferous tubules?

A

Peritubular myoid cells = smooth muscle-like cells

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18
Q

What are the cells in the interstitium?

A

Leydig cells = make testosterone
Blood vessels
Stromal cells

19
Q

When spermatids are released into the lumen, are they motile?

A

No, still non-motile

Need substances from epididymis to become motile

20
Q

What are the four phases of spermiogenesis?

A
  1. Golgi phase = spermatid starts to form head (acrosome) and DNA becoming highly condensed
  2. Cap phase = formation of acrosomal cap
  3. Acrosomal phase = 1 of centrioles elongates to become tail
  4. Maturation phase = remaining cytoplasm and organelles removed by phagocytosis of Sertoli cells
    - Elongated, non-motile spermatids released into lumen > epididymis
21
Q

What is contained within the acrosomal cap, and why is this needed?

A

Contains hydrolases

Needed for penetration into ovum

22
Q

What limits sperm production?

A

Number of Sertoli cells

23
Q

What sets ub the blood-testis barrier?

A

Sertoli-Sertoli cell junctional complex = tight junctions

24
Q

What sort of nucleus do Sertoli cells have?

A

Elongated nucleus

25
Q

What shape are Leydig cells?

A

Polygonal

26
Q

What do Leydig cells often contain?

A

Lipid droplets

Reinke’s crystals

27
Q

What are Reinke’s crystals?

A 
Cytoplasmic crystals
Rod shaped
Probably proteins
Unknown function
Increase with age
28
Q

Describe the peritubular myoid cells

A

Smooth muscle-like
Pump sperm into epididymis
2-3 layers around tubules
Together with Sertoli cells, produce basement membrane

29
Q

Describe the efferent ducts

A

Up to 12
Join at head of epididymis to form ductus epididymis
Undulating border - stellate in cross-section
Lined by pseudostratified columnar epithelium with ciliated and non-ciliated cells
Reabsorb >90% of rete testis fluid to concentrate sperm

30
Q

How long is the epididymis?

A

5 m

31
Q

What are the segments of the epididymis?

A 
Capus = head
Corpus = body
Caudal = tail
32
Q

What epithelial cells line the epididymis?

A

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium with stereocilia

33
Q

What are the functions of the epididymis?

A

Sperm transport
Sperm maturation
Sperm storage

34
Q

What cell types make up the vas deferens?

A

Thick layer of smooth muscle cells: 3 layers
- Circular layer sandwiched between 2 longitudinal layers
Inner pseudostratified columnar epithelium with tall stereocilia

35
Q

What is the shape of the lumen of the vas deferens in cross-section?

A

Stellate

36
Q

What cell types make up the seminal vesicel?

A

Tube lined with pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Smooth muscle in main subcapsular wall and around internal convolutions

37
Q

What does the seminal vesicle do?

A

Secrete alkaline, viscous fluid
- Neutralisation of acidic female reproductive tract environment
Contributes to sperm motility and viability

38
Q

What are corpora amylacea in the glandular lumen of prostate?

A

Small concretions seen with increasing age
Mixture of
- Debris of degenerate cells
- Thickened secretions

39
Q

What are the three zones of the prostate?

A

Peripheral
Central
Transitional

40
Q

What are the elements that make up the prostate?

A 
Glandular elements
- Mucosal
- Submucosal
- Main prostatic gland
Tubulo-alveolar elements
Basal cells
Secretory columnar cells
41
Q

What are the types of glands within the bulbourethral glands?

A

Tubular

Alveolar type

42
Q

What is the epithelium lining the bulbourethral glands?

A

Tall columnar

43
Q

What are the three cylinders of erectile tissue that make up the penis?

A

2 corpora cavernosa surrounded each by tunica albuginea
Corpus spongiosum surrounded by thin layer of connective tissue with some smooth muscle fibres
- Encloses penile urethra
Each cylinder contain trabecular network of veins surrounded by
- Collagen
- Elastic fibres
- Smooth muscle cells

MD1 Reproduction (11 decks)

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