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MD1 Reproduction > Bones and Joints of the Pelvis > Flashcards

Bones and Joints of the Pelvis Flashcards

1
Q

What are the bones that make up the pelvis?

A

Pair of hip bones together with coccyx

Sacrum in midline posteriorly

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2
Q

What are the joints in the pelvis?

A

Sacroiliac joints lateral
Synovial joints
Pubic symphysis = secondary cartilaginous joint

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3
Q

What are the three bones making up the hip bone?

A

Ischium
Ilium
Pubis

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4
Q

What structures in the hip bone do all three fused bones form?

A

Acetabulum

Obturator foramen

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5
Q

What makes up the ilium superiorly?

A

Iliac crest

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6
Q

What is the extent of the ilia crest?

A

Between anterior superior iliac spine anteriorly and posterior superior iliac spine posteriorly

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7
Q

Which surface of the ilium faces posteriorly?

A

Gluteal

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8
Q

What attaches to the gluteal surface of the ilium?

A

Gluteal muscles

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9
Q

What is on the anterior aspect of the ilium?

A

Iliac fossa

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10
Q

What muscle does the iliac fossa give rise to?

A

Iliacus

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11
Q

Which surface of the ilium is the articular surface for the sacroiliac joint?

A

Sacral

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12
Q

Which bone of the hip is located anteriorly?

A

Pubis

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13
Q

What are the components of the pubis?

A

Body of pubis
Superior and inferior pubic rami
Pubic crest
Pubic tubercle

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14
Q

What forms the pubic symphysis?

A

Body of pubis on 1 side meeting and articulating with body of pubis on other side in midline

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15
Q

Where is the pubic crest?

A

Superior aspect of pubis

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16
Q

What does the pubic tubercle do?

A

Laterally delineates pubic crest

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17
Q

What extends from the pubic tubercle, and where does it go?

A

Pectineal line

Goes onto superior pubic ramus

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18
Q

What part of the ischium is the attachment for the hamstrings?

A

Ischial tuberosity

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19
Q

What does the ischial ramus attach to?

A

Comes forward and continues with inferior pubic ramus

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20
Q

What does the ischial spine demarcate?

A

Notch above = greater sciatic notch

Notch below = lesser sciatic notch

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21
Q

What is the acetabulum?

A

Socket of hip joint

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22
Q

What separates the three bones at the acetabulum during development?

A

Triradiate cartilage

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23
Q

What are the boundaries of the obturator foramen?

A

Superior and inferior pubic rami

Ischial ramus continuing posteriorly

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24
Q

What makes up the sacrum?

A

5 fused vertebrae

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25
Q

What forms the lateral masses of the sacrum?

A

Fused transverse processes

On each side of fused vertebral bodies

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26
Q

What and where is the sacral promontory?

A

On superior surface have prominent anterior margin

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27
Q

What and where are the alas?

A

Wing off superior aspect of lateral masses

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28
Q

What does the ala do?

A

Articulates

  • Superiorly with lumbar vertebrae at lumbosacral joint
  • Inferiorly with coccyx at sacrococcygeal joint
  • Laterally with ilium at sacroiliac joint
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29
Q

What makes up the false or greater pelvis?

A

Iliac crest

Iliac fossa

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30
Q

What divides the false and true pelvis?

A

Iliopectineal line

31
Q

What region of the body is the false pelvis considered to be part of?

A

Posterior abdominal wall

32
Q

What is the function of the false pelvis?

A

Bony protection of abdomen

33
Q

What is the shape of the true pelvis?

A

Basin

34
Q

Where is the perineum?

A

Beneath pelvic floor but still contained within bony pelvis

35
Q

What does the true pelvis lie between?

A

Pelvic inlet and outlet

36
Q

What is the border of the pelvic inlet?

A 
Starts at superior aspect of pubic symphysis anteriorly
Pubic crest laterally
Pectineal line of pubic bone
Arcuate line of ilium
Across sacroiliac joint
Anterior margin of ala
Anterior margin of sacral promontory
37
Q

What is the arcuate line?

A

Delineates iliac fossa and crest above from very lowest part of ilium and ischium below

38
Q

What makes up the iliopectineal line?

A

Pectineal line of pubis and arcuate line of ilium

39
Q

What is the difference in size of the pelvic inlet between males and females?

A

Usually larger in females

40
Q

What is the usual shape of the pelvic inlet in females?

A

Oval

41
Q

What is the name given to the typical shape of the pelvic inlet in females?

A

Gynaecoid

42
Q

What is the typical shape of the male pelvic inlet?

A

Android = heart shaped

43
Q

What is the common variant of the male pelvic inlet?

A

Anthropoid

44
Q

What is the difference between general structure of the pelvis between males and females?

A 
Male = thick and heavy
Female = light and thin
45
Q

What is the difference between the greater sciatic notch of the pelvis between males and females?

A 
Male = narrow inverted V
Female = Almost 90 degrees
46
Q

What is the difference between the sub-pubic arch of the pelvis between males and females?

A 
Male = acute
Female = obtuse
47
Q

What is the difference between the acetabulum of the pelvis between males and females?

A 
Male = large
Female = small
48
Q

What is the difference between the obturator foramen of the pelvis between males and females?

A 
Male = round
Female = oval
49
Q

What is the difference between the width of the acetabulum compared to the width of the pubic bone between males and females?

A

In female, distance from acetabulum to pubic symphysis greater than width of acetabulum
In male, about the same

50
Q

What is the shape of the pelvic outlet?

A

Diamond

51
Q

What are the margins of the pelvic outlet?

A

Inferior aspect of pubic symphysis anteriorly
Tip of coccyx posteriorly
Ischial tuberosities laterally

52
Q

What is the plane of least dimensions?

A

Narrowest part of pelvis

53
Q

What is the shape of the plane of least dimensions?

A

Almost circular

54
Q

What does the plane of least dimensions pass through?

A

S4
Ischial spines
Base of pubic symphysis

55
Q

What does the head of the baby do during childbirth as it traverses through the pelvis?

A

Rotates and flexes so it always presents its smallest diameter to part it’s going through
Constantly changing its dimensions to pelvic passage

56
Q

What type of joints are the sacroiliac joints?

A

Synovial

57
Q

What are the sacroiliac joints between?

A

Ear-shaped/auricular surface of posterior part of sacral ala, and similarly shaped articular surface of ilium

58
Q

What ligaments hold the sacroiliac joint together?

A

Sacroiliac ligaments

  • Anterior - reinforce capsule
  • Posterior - reinforce capsule
  • Interosseus - within joint
    • Pass between iliac and sacral tuberosities
59
Q

What happens to the interosseus sacroiliac ligaments as the sacrum rotates?

A

Tighten > lock joint

60
Q

What do the accessory ligaments of the sacroiliac joint do?

A

Further stabilise joint

61
Q

What are the accessory ligaments of the sacroiliac joint?

A

Iliolumbar ligaments
Sacrotuberous ligaments
Sacrospinous ligaments

62
Q

Where are the iliolumbar ligaments?

A

Between iliac crest and tranverse process of L5

63
Q

Where are the sacrotuberous ligaments?

A

Between sacrum and ischial tuberosity

64
Q

Where are the sacrospinous ligaments?

A

Between sacrum and ischial spine

65
Q

What close the sciatic notches into sciatic foramina?

A

Sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments

66
Q

What is the nodding movement of the sacrum called?

A

Nutation (forward)

Counter-nutation (backward)

67
Q

What happens to the pelvic outlet as the sacrum nutates?

A

Pushes tip of sacrum out and increases size of pelvic outlet

68
Q

What happens to the movements of the sacrum during pregnancy?

A

Hormones of pregnancy increase laxity of ligaments > allows increased movements

69
Q

What separates the two bones at the pubic symphysis?

A

Fibrocartilaginous disc separated from bone by intervening hyaline cartilage

70
Q

What reinforces the pubic symphysis?

A

Superior and inferior pubic ligaments

71
Q

Where is the superior pubic ligament?

A

Goes across to pubic crests and tubercles

72
Q

Where is the inferior pubic ligament?

A

An arcuate ligament, arching across either side of inferior aspect of pubic symphysis

73
Q

Which muscles reinforce the anterior aspect of the pubic symphysis?

A

Fibres from

  • Oblique abdominal muscles
  • Rectus sheath
  • Adductor longus

MD1 Reproduction (11 decks)

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