MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM Flashcards
1
Q
Cutaneous fibromuscular sac containing the testes and lower parts of spermatic cords
A
Scrotum
2
Q
Hangs below pubic symphysis, between anteromedial aspect of thighs
A
Scrotum
3
Q
Scrotum is divided into R and L sides by?
A
Raphe
4
Q
Describe skin of scrotum
A
- thin
- pigmented
- w thinly scattered crisp hairs (w sebaceous & sweat glands, pigmented cells, nerve endings)
- ko subcutaneous adipose tissue
5
Q
Responds to mechanical stimulation of hairs and skin to various temperature
A
Nerve endings in scrotum
6
Q
Muscles found in scrotum
A
Dartos
Cremasteric
7
Q
Contracts the scrotal skin in response to cold
A
Dartos
8
Q
Retracts the testes towards the abdomen
A
Cremasteric
9
Q
Scrotum blood supply
A
- external pudendal branches of femoral artery
- scrotal branches of internal pudendal artery
- cremasteric branch from inferior epigastric artery
10
Q
Scrotum nerves
A
- Ilio-inguinal and genital branch of genitofemoral nerve
- Posterior scrotal branches of perineal nerve
- Perineal branch of posterior femoral cutaneous nerve
11
Q
ABDOMINAL LAYER
A
Skin Superficial fascia External oblique aponeurosis Internal oblique aponeurosis Transversalis fascia (not the muscle)
12
Q
SPERMATIC CORD LAYER
A
External spermatic fascia
Cremasteric muscle and fascia
Internal spermatic fascia
13
Q
SCROTAL LAYER
A
Skin Dartos muscle External spermatic fascia Cremasteric muscle fascia Internal spermatic fascia
14
Q
Ellipsoidal
4-5 cm length
2.5 cm breadth
3 cm anteroposterior
Wt: 10.5-14g
A
Testis
14
Q
Ellipsoidal
4-5 cm length
2.5 cm breadth
3 cm anteroposterior
Wt: 10.5-14g
A
Testis
15
Q
Suspended in the scrotum by scrotal tissues (non striated dartos and spermatic cords)
L is abt 1cm than R
A
Testis
16
Q
Testis 3 coats
A
(1) tunica vaginalis
(2) t. albuginea
(3) t. vasculosa
17
Q
Internal testis
A
Dominated by lobules w 1-4 convoluted seminiferous tubules each
18
Q
Testis loose CT contains?
A
Interstitial (Leydig) cells
19
Q
Endocrine component of testis secreting testosterone
A
Leydig cells
20
Q
Seminiferous tubules are lined by?
A
Complex stratified epi containing spermatogenic cells and supporting cells (sertoli)
20
Q
Seminiferous tubules are lined by?
A
Complex stratified epi containing spermatogenic cells and supporting cells (sertoli)
21
Q
What produces Mullerian inhibitory substance (MIS)?
A
Fetal sertoli cells
22
Q
What prevents development of female internal genitalia by causing mullerian dust to regress?
A
Fetal sertoli cells
23
Testis blood supply
1Internal spermatic or testicular artery from aorta
2Cebtripetal branches (towards rete testes) or centrifugal arterioles in interstitial tissue between seminiferous tubules
3Intertubular cap
4Peritubular cap
5(toward t. albuginea) centrifugal veins or (toward rete testes) centripetal veins
6Pampiniform plexus of veins
7Internal spermatic vein
8Inferior vena cava (R) or left renal vein (L)
24
What plays a role in maintaining temperature of testes?
Pampiniform plexus
25
What is composed of dd, spermatic artery, nerves, pampini plex and autonomic nerves?
Spermatic cord
26
Distal cont of epididymis
Fxn: transport of sperm from epi to ejac ducts
Lined by: low columnar epi w 3 musc layers that propel sperm along its 40cm length
Palpable in scrotum (sterilization w minimal incision)
Bld supply: artery from superior vesical artery
Ductus deferens or vas def
27
Formed by union of duct of the seminal vesicle w a deferent duct
2 cm in length
Lined by: columnar epithelium
Ejaculatory ducts
28
Highly convoluted organ about 7.5cm long
| Running along posterior surface of testis from its upper and lower plate
Epididymis
29
3 regions of epididymis
Caput (head) upper pole of testes
Corpus (body)
Cauda (tail) lower pole
30
Site of accumulation, maturation and storage of spermatozoa
| Lined by pseudostratified columnar cells
Epididymis
31
Sacculated contorted tubes
Above prostate, between bladder and rectum
5cm long
Duct of seminal vesicles joins dd at ampulla behind the prostate to form the ejaculatory duct that passes forward into pg
Seminal vesicles
32
Role in human fertility, maturation, motility and immunosuppressive action of female genital tract
Seminal vesicles
33
Secretion contains: fructose and citric acid also prostaglandins
SV
34
Aid fertilization by reacting w female cervical mucus to make it more receptive to sperm movement and causing backward, reverse peristaltic contractions in uterus and fallopian to move ejac sperm to ovaries
SV
35
Seminal Vesicles are lined by
Columnar epi w goblet cells in diverticula
36
Partly glandular, partly fibromuscular
Surrounding the beginning of urethra at the base of bladder
Posterior surface palpable by rectal exam
Reg and firm w a midline groove
Prostate
37
Secretes seminal fluid (contains ca, ph, clotting enz, profibrinolysin) slightly alkaline
Prostate
38
Has 3 concentric rings of glands surrounded by smooth muscle and fibrous capsule
Smooth muscle contracts during ejac of squeeze prostatic sec into urethra
Prostate
39
Blood supply of prostate
Internal pudendal
Inferior vesical
Middle rectal arteries
40
Penis: Radix or root attached to
Perineum
41
Sensitive distal end of the body that includes external opening of urethra
Glans
42
Penis 3 cylinder of erectile tissue
2 corpora cavernosa
| Corpus spongiosum
43
Form the dorsum and sides of penis
| Form crura that support the erect penis in the root
2 corpora cavernosa
44
Single cylinder found on the ventral surface
Surrounds the spongy urethra
Forms glans
Called bulb at the root
Corpus spongiosum
45
Penis blood supply
Deep arteries of penis (c. cavernosa)
| Branches of dorsal penile arteries
46
Penis venous drainage
Deep dorsal vein
47
Penis nerves
2nd, 3rd and 4th sacral spinal segments via the pudendal nerve and pelvic plexuses
48
ARTERIAL SUPPLY
1 Testis
2 Scrotum
3 Prostate
4 Penis
1 Testicular art from aorta via spermatic cord
2 Pudendal art
3 Vesicular and rectal branches of internal iliac art
4 Internal pudendal art
49
VENOUS DRAINAGE
1 Testis
2 Scrotum
3 Prostate
4 Penis
1 Pampini wc forms testicular veins; L drains to left renal vein R drains to inferior VC
2 Scrotal veins
3 Prostatic venous plexus drains into internal iliac veins
4 Venous plexus (joins Prostatic venous plexus)
50
INNERVATION
1 Testis
2 Scrotum
3 Prostate
4 Penis
1 Sympa sphlancnic nerv
2 Branches genitofemoral, inguinal and pudendal nerv
3 Parasympa via sphlancnic nerv and sympa from inferior hypogastric plexus
4 Branches of pudendal nerv
51
LYMPH ATIC DRAINAGE
1 Testis
2 Scrotum
3 Prostate
4 Penis
1 Para-aortic LN
2 Superficial inguinal LN
3 Internal iliac and sacral LN
4 Superficial inguinal LN
52
Process by wc primary spermatocytes undergo cell div to form haploid gametes
Meiosis
1st: 2 haploid
2nd: 4 hap spermatids
53
Provide nutrients, remove waste
Phagocytose excess cytoplasm or poor dev spermatids
Blood testes Barrier - tight jxn
Produce androgen-binding CHON to raise local androgen conc
Sertoli cells
54
Process: haploid spermatids dev to mature spermatozoa
Spermatogenesis
55
Takes how many days to release sperm to seminiferous tubules
74 days
56
Where does sperm pass for further maturation making sperm motile and capable of fertilization?
Epididymis
57
Epididymis contracts during orgasm to
Transport sperm to dd
58
New cycle of spermatogenesis starts every
16 days
| Lasts 74 days
59
Head is to acrosome
Lysosome
Tail is to axoneme
Centriole
60
Normal semen acc to WHO
1.5mL vol
Conc: 15million/mL or more
Count: 39 million/ejaculate
Motility: 40% or more
Morphology: 4% N or more
WBC less than 1 million leuk/mL
pH 7.2-7.8
61
Testes secrete 95% of male sex steroid called androgens
Adrenal secrete remaining 5%
62
Synthesis of testosterone in leydig cells
CHOL --> pregnenolone --> 17a-OH preg --> DHEA --> androstenediol
Progesterone --> 17a prog --> androsteredione --> testosterone
63
1 bind to androgen receptors
2 conv to dihydrotestosterone wx also binds to androgen
3 conv to estradiol wc binds to estrogen receptor
Effects of testosterone
64
Penile erection
| Lubrication
Parasympa
65
Emission and ejac
Sympathetic
66
Sympa impulses leave cord at
T12 to L2
Thru hypogastric and pelvic sympa nerve plexus to initiate emission (the forerunner of ejaculation)
67
Emission begins with
Contraction of vas def and ampulla to cause expulsion of sperm to internal urethra
68
Order of contraction
Vas def
Muscular coat of prostate g
SV
69
With arousal what happens to the vagina?
Lengthens
Distends
Dilates
70
Arousal phase mediated by
Parasympathetic NS
71
Orgasm phase mediated by
Sympathetic NS
72
Reflex rhythmic contractions
3-20 0.8/second
