Lectures: UTZ, Breastfeeding Flashcards
Gestational sac is recognized as early as
4w1d
Mean gestational sac diameter increases by
1mm/day
Yolk sac visible by
5
YS always seen by
5.5w (MSD 8mm) TV
By TAS, YS should be evident by
7w (MSD 20mm)
CRL Embryonic disk is detected between
5-6 w GA (MSD between 5-12mm)
CRL increases by
1mm/day
Most accurate mtd for determining gestational age between 6-12 w gestation
CRL measurement
Cardiac activity should be detected when embyo is
4-5mm (6-6.5w GA) by TVS
evident by 8w GA (MSD is 25mm) by TAS
Amnion is visible at end of
6w
Fetal bradycardia
<85 bpm
Cystic dilatation of 4th ventricle w partial or complete absence of cerebellar vermis
CM enlargement if vertical distance from the vermis to the inner wall if the skull is more than 10mm
Dandy Walker Syndrome
Atrial width 10mm or more
A separation of choroid plexus from medial ventricular wall by 3mm or greater
Venticulomegaly 2nd trim >10mm
Hydrocephalus
Midline defect in anterior abdominal wall = herniation
Omphalocele
Absence of echogenic kidneys, lying adrenal sign,
color flow shows absence of renal arteries
Renal Agenesis
axial 3 vessel and trachea view showing severely
hypoplastic aortic arch (tubular hypoplasia)
Coarctation of Aorta
presence in the thorax of stomach
is evident
Congenital Diaphragmatic hernia
BIOPHYSICAL PROFILE SCORE
- Fetal breathing
- Fetal movement
- Fetal tone
- Amniotic Fluid volume
- Non stress test
ALARA – As Low as reasonably achievable
- Do not hesitate to use diagnostic ultrasound when the
situation warrants. However, diagnostic ultrasoundshould be used only when there is valid medical
reason. - Users should be familiar with the equipment so they
can recognize which operating modes and which
control settings result in high or low acoustical
intensities - Recognize controls that vary acoustical power
- Reduce exposure time by avoiding repeat scans if
possible and avoid holding the transducer stationary
incontact with the patient unless the examination
warrants this
Mature mammary gland
15-25 lobes –> lobules –> alveoli
Each lobe
consists of several lobules
which in turn is composed of numerous
alveoli
Each alveolus
composed of small
ducts that joins others forming a single
larger duct for each lobe
Opens separately on the nipple where
they may be distinguished as minute
but distinct orifices
§ The alveolar secretory epithelium
synthesizes the various milk
concentration
Lactiferous ducts
Required for full development of the
lobule-alveolar system
§ Also required in the final development
of the breast as a milk-secreting organ
PROGESTERONE
