male reproductive system

Question 1

testis, what size

Answer 1

5 x 3 x 2,5, 10-12 g

Question 2

shape of testis

Answer 2

anterior surface convex, posterior straight for insertion of spermatic cord, smooth surface

Question 3

testis location

Answer 3

hangs from perineum into scrotum, left testis usually lower, oblique direction: superior pole anterolateral and inferior pole posteromedial)

Question 4

tunicae of testis

Answer 4

tunica vaginalis and tunica albuginea

Question 5

tunica albuginae

Answer 5

blue because tunica vascularis underneath, thick CT tissue capsule

Question 6

tunica vaginalis

Answer 6

reflects posteriorly, reflects from testis surface or visceral layer to internal surface of scrotum or parietal layer covers head of epididymis + appendix testis (a remnant of Mullerian duct–>attached to visceral layer, tunica vaginalis of peritoneum forms pouch that then descends testis)

Question 7

Parenchyma

Answer 7

split into 2 lobules, CT septae from mediastinum testis near hilum, lobules contain coiled seminiferous tubules–>converge into rete testis in mediastinum–>afferent ductules from here–>form head of epididymis

Question 8

epididymis

Answer 8

route to sperm produced in testis

reservoir for sperm before ejaculation

Question 9

scrotum layers

Answer 9

skin–>dartos muscle (SM + superficial fascia) –> external spermatic fascia–>cremaster muscle (SM + striated, O: internal oblique muscle // I: beneath testis) –> internal spermatic fascia –> tunica vaginalis –> tunica albuginea

Question 10

vas deferens

Answer 10

long fibromuscular tract
from tail of epididymis to ejaculary duct
ascends in scrotum within spermatic cord
passes through inguinal canal
bends medially around inferior epigastric artery
crosses external illia vessels
descends medially on pelvic wall
crosses ureter posterior to bladder
merges with seminal vesicle to form ejaculatory duct

Question 11

what is the spermatic cord

Answer 11

tubular extension of abdominal wall into scrotum

contains 10 structures

Question 12

structures of spermatic cord

Answer 12

vas deferens
testicular, deferential and cremasteric arteries
veins (pampiniform plexus)
lymphatics
genitofemoral, testicular and ilioinguinal nerves
tunica vaginalis

Question 13

CT sheaths of spermatic cord

Answer 13

external spermatic fascia (from aponeurosis of external oblique msucle)
cremasteric muscle and fascia ( from internal oblique muscle)
internal spermatic fascia (from transversalis fascia)

Question 14

what are seminal vesicles and what do they produce?

Answer 14

blind ended outgrowth from vas deferens
coiled tubular cavities surrounded by CT
produce fluids for semen

Question 15

where are seminal vesicles

Answer 15

between bladder and rectum

Question 16

blood supply to scotum (x4)

Answer 16

external pudental artery from femoral artery
scrotal branches from internal pudental artery
cremasteric artery from inferior epigastric artery 
subcutaneaous plexa (a-v anastemoses for thermic homeostasis)

Question 17

blood supply to testis

Answer 17

testicular artery from abdominal aorta

Question 18

blood supply to vas deferens

Answer 18

artery from superior vesicular artery
anastemoses with testicular artery
supplies also testis + epididymis

Question 19

venous drainage of vas deferens

Answer 19

veins drain into venous pelvic plexus

Question 20

testicular artery location

Answer 20

at posterosuperior border of testis

Question 21

testicular artery course

Answer 21

medial and lateral branches
run through tunica albuginea
branch into tunica vascularis underneath
terminal branches testicular parenchyma

Question 22

where do testicular veins emerge

Answer 22

emerge at posterosuperior borders of testis

Question 23

testicular veins actions

Answer 23

drain also epididymis
form pampiniform plexus (within spermatic cord)
merge into single vein on each side
drain into IVC (right) and renal vein (left)

Question 24

lymphatic drainage of scrotum

Answer 24

superficial inguinal nodes

Question 25

lymphatic drainage of testis

Answer 25

preaortic nodes

Question 26

lymphatic drainage of vas deferens

Answer 26

internal and external iliac nodes

Question 27

what is the prostate gland

Answer 27

accessory exocrine gland

Question 28

shape of prostate gland

Answer 28

inverted pyramidal shape | has robust fibromuscluar capsule

Question 29

location of prostate gland

Answer 29

below bladder | above pelvic floor

Question 30

structure of prostate gland

Answer 30

``` base (vesicle neck superiorly, 4cm diameter) apex (pelvic floor, relates with external urethral orifices) anterior surface (pubic arch) posterior surface (rectal ampulla) anterolateral surfaces (covered by the lateral prostatic fascia) ```

Question 31

prostatic parenchyma

Answer 31

divided into 3 zones

Question 32

transition zone of parenchyma

Answer 32

5-10% volume | surrounds urethra

Question 33

central zone of parenchyma

Answer 33

25% volume posterior to transition zone surrounds ejaculatory ducts

Question 34

peripheral zoneof parenchyma

Answer 34

70% volume

Question 35

fibromuscular zone of prostate

Answer 35

placed anteriorly to fill gaps between peripheral glands

Question 36

prostate secretions

Answer 36

``` enzymes simple sugars Zn PSA plyamides ```

Question 37

prostate

Answer 37

closes urethral internal sphincters during ejaculation | converts testosterone into dihydrotestosterone

Question 38

arterial blood supply to prostate (x3)

Answer 38

from inferior vesical artery internal pudental artery middle rectal artery

Question 39

venous blood supply to prostate

Answer 39

around anterolateral surfaces -->converge within deep dorsal vein of penis-->drain into hypogastric vein

Question 40

lymphatic drainage of prostate

Answer 40

most lymph drained into internal + external iliac nodes

Question 41

age related changes of prostate

Answer 41

``` quiscient until puberty doubles dimensions at puberty due to maturation of glands structure due to testosterone hyperplasia of epithelial cells until 30 stable from 30-50 benign hypertrophy begins after ```

Question 42

preprostatic urethra

Answer 42

1cm | surrounded by SMF: internal urethral sphincter--> against backflow of semen

Question 43

prostatic urethra

Answer 43

3-4 cm midline longitudinal urethral crest betyeen prostatic sinuses central bulging of urethral crest: seminal colliculus (prostatic utricle and ejactlatory ducts opening)

Question 44

seminal colliculus

Answer 44

(prostatic utricle and ejactlatory ducts opening) | central bulging of urethral crest

Question 45

bulbourethral glands

Answer 45

small pea shaped mucous glands

Question 46

bulbourethral glands location

Answer 46

in deep perineal pouch lateral to membranous urethra open in spongy urethra after passing through perineal membrane

Question 47

bulbourethral glands function

Answer 47

contribute to lubrification of urethra | form pre-ejaculatory fluid

Question 48

superficial perineal pouch

Answer 48

also called colle's fascia | deep membranous layer of superficial fascia in perineal skin

Question 49

superficial perineal pouch function

Answer 49

supports root of external genitalia

Question 50

external genitalia

Answer 50

penis + scrotum

Question 51

root of penis

Answer 51

attached to Colle's fascia

Question 52

body of penis

Answer 52

freely mobile | terminates with gland

Question 53

suspensory ligament of penis

Answer 53

attached to pubic symphysis

Question 54

internal pudendal artery of penis forms: (x4)

Answer 54

bulbar arteries urethral arteries deep caverbnosa arteries of penis (terminal branches) dorsal arteries of penis (terminal branches)

Question 55

bulbar arteries of penis

Answer 55

supply bulbourethral glands + corpus spongiosum

Question 56

urethral arterie

Answer 56

supply penile urethra and corpora cavernosa

Question 57

deep caverbosa arteries of penis (terminal branches)

Answer 57

supply crura + corpora cavernosa of body of penis

Question 58

dorsal arteries of penis (terminal branches)

Answer 58

on dorsal surface of penis supply glans + superficial tissues anastemoses with deep artery

Question 59

external pudental artery

Answer 59

supplies skin of external genitalia

Question 60

venous drainage of penis

Answer 60

drains corpora cavernosa emerge form tunica albuginea drain into circumflex veins circumflex veins surround ventral surface of penis + receive tributaries from corpus spongiosum drain into deep dorsal vein (internal pudental vein)

Question 61

venous drainage of glans + surface structures

Answer 61

drains into superficial dorsal vein (external pudental vein)

Question 62

deep dorsal vein of penis

Answer 62

deeper to Buck's fascia

Question 63

superficial dorsal vein of penis

Answer 63

within Darto's fascia

Question 64

lymphatic drainage of skin of penis + perineum

Answer 64

superficial inguinal nodes

Question 65

lymphatic drainge of gland

Answer 65

deep inguinal + external illiac nodes

Question 66

lymphatic drainage of corpora cavernosa + urethra

Answer 66

internal iliac nodes

Question 67

location of epididymis

Answer 67

along posterolateral side of testis: head on superior pole (multiple coiled ductules), true epipidymis (single long coiled duct , body runs inferiorly and tail on inferior pole)