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OFS3 > male reproductive system > Flashcards

male reproductive system Flashcards

1
Q

testis, what size

A

5 x 3 x 2,5, 10-12 g

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2
Q

shape of testis

A

anterior surface convex, posterior straight for insertion of spermatic cord, smooth surface

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3
Q

testis location

A

hangs from perineum into scrotum, left testis usually lower, oblique direction: superior pole anterolateral and inferior pole posteromedial)

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4
Q

tunicae of testis

A

tunica vaginalis and tunica albuginea

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5
Q

tunica albuginae

A

blue because tunica vascularis underneath, thick CT tissue capsule

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6
Q

tunica vaginalis

A

reflects posteriorly, reflects from testis surface or visceral layer to internal surface of scrotum or parietal layer covers head of epididymis + appendix testis (a remnant of Mullerian duct–>attached to visceral layer, tunica vaginalis of peritoneum forms pouch that then descends testis)

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7
Q

Parenchyma

A

split into 2 lobules, CT septae from mediastinum testis near hilum, lobules contain coiled seminiferous tubules–>converge into rete testis in mediastinum–>afferent ductules from here–>form head of epididymis

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8
Q

epididymis

A

route to sperm produced in testis

reservoir for sperm before ejaculation

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9
Q

scrotum layers

A

skin–>dartos muscle (SM + superficial fascia) –> external spermatic fascia–>cremaster muscle (SM + striated, O: internal oblique muscle // I: beneath testis) –> internal spermatic fascia –> tunica vaginalis –> tunica albuginea

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10
Q

vas deferens

A

long fibromuscular tract
from tail of epididymis to ejaculary duct
ascends in scrotum within spermatic cord
passes through inguinal canal
bends medially around inferior epigastric artery
crosses external illia vessels
descends medially on pelvic wall
crosses ureter posterior to bladder
merges with seminal vesicle to form ejaculatory duct

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11
Q

what is the spermatic cord

A

tubular extension of abdominal wall into scrotum

contains 10 structures

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12
Q

structures of spermatic cord

A

vas deferens
testicular, deferential and cremasteric arteries
veins (pampiniform plexus)
lymphatics
genitofemoral, testicular and ilioinguinal nerves
tunica vaginalis

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13
Q

CT sheaths of spermatic cord

A

external spermatic fascia (from aponeurosis of external oblique msucle)
cremasteric muscle and fascia ( from internal oblique muscle)
internal spermatic fascia (from transversalis fascia)

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14
Q

what are seminal vesicles and what do they produce?

A

blind ended outgrowth from vas deferens
coiled tubular cavities surrounded by CT
produce fluids for semen

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15
Q

where are seminal vesicles

A

between bladder and rectum

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16
Q

blood supply to scotum (x4)

A 
external pudental artery from femoral artery
scrotal branches from internal pudental artery
cremasteric artery from inferior epigastric artery 
subcutaneaous plexa (a-v anastemoses for thermic homeostasis)
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17
Q

blood supply to testis

A

testicular artery from abdominal aorta

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18
Q

blood supply to vas deferens

A

artery from superior vesicular artery
anastemoses with testicular artery
supplies also testis + epididymis

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19
Q

venous drainage of vas deferens

A

veins drain into venous pelvic plexus

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20
Q

testicular artery location

A

at posterosuperior border of testis

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21
Q

testicular artery course

A

medial and lateral branches
run through tunica albuginea
branch into tunica vascularis underneath
terminal branches testicular parenchyma

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22
Q

where do testicular veins emerge

A

emerge at posterosuperior borders of testis

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23
Q

testicular veins actions

A

drain also epididymis
form pampiniform plexus (within spermatic cord)
merge into single vein on each side
drain into IVC (right) and renal vein (left)

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24
Q

lymphatic drainage of scrotum

A

superficial inguinal nodes

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25
Q

lymphatic drainage of testis

A

preaortic nodes

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26
Q

lymphatic drainage of vas deferens

A

internal and external iliac nodes

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27
Q

what is the prostate gland

A

accessory exocrine gland

28
Q

shape of prostate gland

A

inverted pyramidal shape

has robust fibromuscluar capsule

29
Q

location of prostate gland

A

below bladder

above pelvic floor

30
Q

structure of prostate gland

A 
base (vesicle neck superiorly, 4cm diameter)
apex (pelvic floor, relates with external urethral orifices)
anterior surface (pubic arch)
posterior surface (rectal ampulla)
anterolateral surfaces (covered by the lateral prostatic fascia)
31
Q

prostatic parenchyma

A

divided into 3 zones

32
Q

transition zone of parenchyma

A

5-10% volume

surrounds urethra

33
Q

central zone of parenchyma

A

25% volume
posterior to transition zone
surrounds ejaculatory ducts

34
Q

peripheral zoneof parenchyma

A

70% volume

35
Q

fibromuscular zone of prostate

A

placed anteriorly to fill gaps between peripheral glands

36
Q

prostate secretions

A 
enzymes
simple sugars
Zn
PSA
plyamides
37
Q

prostate

A

closes urethral internal sphincters during ejaculation

converts testosterone into dihydrotestosterone

38
Q

arterial blood supply to prostate (x3)

A

from inferior vesical artery
internal pudental artery
middle rectal artery

39
Q

venous blood supply to prostate

A

around anterolateral surfaces –>converge within deep dorsal vein of penis–>drain into hypogastric vein

40
Q

lymphatic drainage of prostate

A

most lymph drained into internal + external iliac nodes

41
Q

age related changes of prostate

A 
quiscient until puberty 
doubles dimensions at puberty due to maturation of glands structure due to testosterone
hyperplasia of epithelial cells until 30
stable from 30-50
benign hypertrophy begins after
42
Q

preprostatic urethra

A

1cm

surrounded by SMF: internal urethral sphincter–> against backflow of semen

43
Q

prostatic urethra

A

3-4 cm
midline longitudinal urethral crest betyeen prostatic sinuses
central bulging of urethral crest: seminal colliculus (prostatic utricle and ejactlatory ducts opening)

44
Q

seminal colliculus

A

(prostatic utricle and ejactlatory ducts opening)

central bulging of urethral crest

45
Q

bulbourethral glands

A

small pea shaped mucous glands

46
Q

bulbourethral glands location

A

in deep perineal pouch
lateral to membranous urethra
open in spongy urethra after passing through perineal membrane

47
Q

bulbourethral glands function

A

contribute to lubrification of urethra

form pre-ejaculatory fluid

48
Q

superficial perineal pouch

A

also called colle’s fascia

deep membranous layer of superficial fascia in perineal skin

49
Q

superficial perineal pouch function

A

supports root of external genitalia

50
Q

external genitalia

A

penis + scrotum

51
Q

root of penis

A

attached to Colle’s fascia

52
Q

body of penis

A

freely mobile

terminates with gland

53
Q

suspensory ligament of penis

A

attached to pubic symphysis

54
Q

internal pudendal artery of penis forms: (x4)

A

bulbar arteries
urethral arteries
deep caverbnosa arteries of penis (terminal branches)
dorsal arteries of penis (terminal branches)

55
Q

bulbar arteries of penis

A

supply bulbourethral glands + corpus spongiosum

56
Q

urethral arterie

A

supply penile urethra and corpora cavernosa

57
Q

deep caverbosa arteries of penis (terminal branches)

A

supply crura + corpora cavernosa of body of penis

58
Q

dorsal arteries of penis (terminal branches)

A

on dorsal surface of penis
supply glans + superficial tissues
anastemoses with deep artery

59
Q

external pudental artery

A

supplies skin of external genitalia

60
Q

venous drainage of penis

A

drains corpora cavernosa
emerge form tunica albuginea
drain into circumflex veins
circumflex veins surround ventral surface of penis + receive tributaries from corpus spongiosum
drain into deep dorsal vein (internal pudental vein)

61
Q

venous drainage of glans + surface structures

A

drains into superficial dorsal vein (external pudental vein)

62
Q

deep dorsal vein of penis

A

deeper to Buck’s fascia

63
Q

superficial dorsal vein of penis

A

within Darto’s fascia

64
Q

lymphatic drainage of skin of penis + perineum

A

superficial inguinal nodes

65
Q

lymphatic drainge of gland

A

deep inguinal + external illiac nodes

66
Q

lymphatic drainage of corpora cavernosa + urethra

A

internal iliac nodes

67
Q

location of epididymis

A

along posterolateral side of testis: head on superior pole (multiple coiled ductules), true epipidymis (single long coiled duct , body runs inferiorly and tail on inferior pole)

OFS3 (15 decks)

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