Male reproductive system

Question 1

whats tunica albuginea made of?

Answer 1

dense fibrous tissue, with myofibroblasts

Question 2

what seperates the testicular lobules?

Answer 2

septula testis

Question 3

how many convulated seminiferous tubules does each testicular lobule contain?

Answer 3

1-4

Question 4

what are the seminiferous tubules lined by?

Answer 4

lined by stratified seminiferous epithelium composed of spermatogenic and non-spermatogenic supporting cells

Question 5

what covers the internal srfc of tunica albuginea

Answer 5

tunica vasculosa

Question 6

what cells produces collagen and elastic fibers and contain a lot of actin filament in the testis?

Answer 6

myoid cells or contractile cells

- found in lamina propria

Question 7

histological charachteristics of spermatogonia?

Answer 7

• diploid cell

- sitting on basal membrane

Question 8

types of spermatogonia and is primary spermatocyte produced?

Answer 8

• Dark type A spermatogonia 12 um, basophilic and ovoid nucleus
• these stem cells give rise to dark typ A and pale type A spermatogonia ( pale + abundant euchromatin)
• testosterone induces pale TYpe A to proliferate producing more dark type A ( larger, pale, spherical nucleus)
• these undergo mitotic divisions ( 4) and form primary spermatocyte.

Question 9

histological charachteristics of primary spermatocyte?

Answer 9

• large vesicle like nucleus
• have diploid chromosome
• 4 chromatids
• after their crossing over they undergo their first meiotic division formin 2ndary spermatocytes.

Question 10

histological charachteristics of 2ndary spermatocytes?

Answer 10

• diploid amount of dna
• haploid (2n) nr of chromosome
• they undergo 2nd meiotic division
• during the short interval there is no DNA synthesis

Question 11

histological charachteristics of spermatids?

Answer 11

• 8 um
• halploid (1n)
• undergo maturation process–> spermatogenesis

Question 12

histological charachteristics of sertoli cells?

Answer 12

• non-germinal
• tall columnar supporting cells
• euchomatic nucleus and one or two prominent nucleoli
• sit on the thick basal lamina

Question 13

how are sertoli cells in contact with the spermatogonia?

Answer 13

by their cytoplasmic processes, surrounding the spermatrogenic cells and establish desmosome-like junction with them.

Question 14

what make up the blood testis barrier?

Answer 14

• the sertoli cells by tight junctions, seperating into a basal compartment with the developing spermtogonia and a adluminal compartment which contain the meiotic products.
• protect the developing germ cells

Question 15

what can be found b/w the seminiferous tubules?

Answer 15

• Leydig cells

- they are large, round, w/ large eccentric nucleus

Question 16

whats rete testis?

Answer 16

when the straight seminiferous tubules approach mediasstinum and empty into anastomosing rete testis.

Question 17

what can be found in mediastinum of testis?

Answer 17

• sertoli cells

Question 18

why do leydig cells appear pale?

Answer 18

• due to their high cholesterol content and contain crystals of reinke.

Question 19

how are the spermatids connected to each other?

Answer 19

By cytoplasmic bridges which result from incomplete cytokinesis and allow for synchronous maturation.

Question 20

what are the tubulus rete lined by?

Answer 20

-simple columnar cells that are ciliated

Question 21

How many efferent ducutules perforate the tunica albuginea and enter epidymis?

Answer 21

12-20

Question 22

what epithelium lines the efferent ductules?

Answer 22

ciliated tall coulmar epi

- gives a pseudostratified apparance, due the short and tall cells.

Question 23

what kind of cells are interspread the columnar cells in the efferent ductules and whats their function?

Answer 23

• short- non ciliated cells

- they absorb fluid secreated by the semineferous tubules.

Question 24

where can we find smooth m. in epididymis?

Answer 24

• thin circular around basement membrae externally

Question 25

what does the efferent ductules emerge into?

Answer 25

- they emerge into a single coiled ductus epididymis

Question 26

whats histological differences b/w efferent ductules and ductus epididymis?

Answer 26

- epidydimal duct have wider lumen, lined by columnar cells, called principal cells and short basal cells (stem cells)

Question 27

how long is the microvilli of the principal cells and whats the function?

Answer 27

- 10-25 um

Question 28

how does the smooth m. change along the epididymis?

Answer 28

at the tail the smooth m thickens and form inner and outer longitudinal and intermediate circular layers.

Question 29

how are the ductus epididymis and efferent ductules hold together?

Answer 29

by vascular CT

Question 30

where does processus vaginalis cover the epididymis?

Answer 30

right upper surface of the section

Question 31

what are the coverings of the spermatic cord?

Answer 31

- external spermatic fascia ( external abdominal oblique) - cremaseteric fasica - internal spermatic fascia

Question 32

whats the content of spermatic cord?

Answer 32

- ductus deferens - papminiform plexus - genitofemoral n. - testicular a.

Question 33

what contributes to the formation of cremaster m?

Answer 33

- internal oblique and transveses m.

Question 34

what can be seen in cremastereric fascia?

Answer 34

- cremaseter a. | - loose areloar CT, investing the skelletal m.

Question 35

where does the internal spermtic fascia originate from?

Answer 35

- form transversalis fascia

Question 36

histological charactheristics of ductus deferens?

Answer 36

- inner mucosal layer - outer muscular layer surrounded by loose CT - Mucosa. simple columnar or pseudostratified columnar wit NON-motile microvilli, ( if a lot--> APOCRINE secreation) - muscularis externa: inner and outer longituinal and circular intermediate.

Question 37

muscle layer of the veins in ductusdefernes?

Answer 37

inner longitudinal and outer circular amooth m. in tunica media.

Question 38

what can be found in the fibroelastic capsule of prostate?

Answer 38

- elastic tissue | - smooth m. fibers

Question 39

wht glands are found in prostate?

Answer 39

tubuloalveolar glands - mucosal glands - submucosal glands peripheral zone--> main glands

Question 40

epithelium of the glands?

Answer 40

- main glands: simple columnar | - mucosal and submucosal: pseudostratified

Question 41

where does prostetic duct open into and what is it lined by?

Answer 41

- open into prosthetic urethra, lined by stratified columnar epi

Question 42

what tissue found b/w the glands?

Answer 42

dense ct | - collagen, elastic fibers, smooth muscle strands.

Question 43

prostatic uterhra lined by?

Answer 43

urothelium

Question 44

what are the prostatic concretions made of?

Answer 44

calcified glycoprotein

Question 45

what happens in the urethra in aging men?

Answer 45

ct stroma, summucosal and mucosal glands proliferate which will narrow the lumen of the urethra resulting in difficulties with urination.

Question 46

wall of seminal vesicle?

Answer 46

- inner mucosal - middle muscular - outer ct layer

Question 47

mucosa lined by?

Answer 47

epi: simple columanr, | - lipofuscin granules and secretory vacuoles on apical part

Question 48

what does the cells in seminal vesicle secreate?

Answer 48

- prostaglandins - endorphin - transferrin - lactoferrin

Question 49

lamina propria of seminal vesicle?

Answer 49

long branching rideges

Question 50

muscularis externa of seminal vesicle?

Answer 50

- inner circular | - outer longitudinal