Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Histology Block 3 > Male Reproductive System > Flashcards

Male Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the role of genital ducts in the male reproductive system?

A

Production of nourishing and lubricating secretions, have smooth muscle in the walls that contract to propel spermatozoa towards the exterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is semen?

A

Combination of glandular secretion from glands and spermatozoa produced by the testes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Secretions from what structure make up the most of semen volume?

A

Seminal vesicles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the innermost layer of the testes?

A

Tunica albuginia- dense connective tissue capsule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which layer of the testis enters the parenchyma of the testis to divide it into lobules?

A

Tunica albuginia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Describe the anatomy of a testicular lobule?

A

Each lobule has 1-4 seminiferous tubules that are surrounded by interstitial loose connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

True or False: There is not communication between testicular lobules?

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What type of cells are contained the interstitum between testicular lobules?

A

Leydig/ interstitial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which cells of the testes secrete testosterone?

A

Leydig cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

From what is the tunica vaginalis derived?

A

Peritoneum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How is the consistency in testis temperature maintained?

A

Pampiniform plexus creates a countercurrent heat exchange system with the testicular artery; Dartos muscle in subcutaneous tissue wrinkles or relaxes to spread out skin to change surface area to modify heat exchange; Cremaster m. raises testes closer to the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is cryptorchidism?

A

Failure of the testis to descend into the scrotal sac, inhibiting spermatogenesis but not interstitial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What structures have specialized epithelium where sperm are produced? Into what structure do sperm next enter?

A

Seminiferous tubules; Straight tubule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the pathway of sperm out of the testes?

A

Seminiferous tubules-> straight tubules-> rete testes–> efferent ductules–> epididymus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What sort of epithelium does the seminiferous tubules have?

A

Complex, specialized stratified epithelium- germinal or seminiferous epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

True or False: Myeloid cells within the inner layer of seminiferous tubules allow for weak contraction

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the two main types of cells of the seminiferous tubule?

A

Dividing spermatozoa, and Sertoli cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the two major processes that occur in the seminiferous tubules? What is each?

A

Spermatogenesis (Process of producing haploid gametes from diploid spermatogonia) and Spermiogenesis (Process of modifying the gametes to resemble and function as sperm)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Into what types of cells can spermatogonia mitotically divide? What is the difference?

A

Type A Spermatogonia and Type B Spermatogonia; Type A remain as spermatogonia germ cells and Type B are destned to produce sperm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What cells result from mitotic division of Type B spermatogonia?

A

Primary spermatocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Which are the biggest cells of the germinal epithelium?

A

Primary spermatocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Approximately how long does it take for the 1st meiotic prophase of spermatogenesis to take place?

A

22 days

23
Q

What cells result from the first meiotic division? Into which cells do they divide?

A

Secondary Spermatocytes; Spermatids

24
Q

How many spermatids will be produced from one primary spermocyte?

A

4

25
Q

What is the function of Sertoli cells?

A

Support, protect, and nourish the developing spermatogonia; endocrine and exocrine functions, and phagocytosis of shed cytoplasm

26
Q

Which cells form the blood-testis barrier? What is the function of the barrier?

A

Sertoli cells; prevents autoimmune attacks against spermatogenic cells

27
Q

What compartments do the Sertoli cells create? In which compartment do spermatogonia develop?

A

Basal and adluminal compartments; Basal

28
Q

True or False: Developing spermatogonia are all connected with one another.

A

True

29
Q

What is involved in spermiogenesis?

A

Formation of an acrosome head cap, condensation and elongation of the nucleus, development of the flagellum, shedding of excess cytoplasm

30
Q

What cells are contained in the lining of the straight tubules?

A

Only sertoli cells

31
Q

What is the rete testis?

A

A tubular network that brings sperm from the straight tubules to the efferent ductules

32
Q

What type of epithelium is in the rete testis? What specialized structure is found on it?

A

Simple cuboidal with microvilli and one cilia

33
Q

What is the appearance of efferent ductules? Why is this so?

A

Scalloped border resulting from two patches of cells with varying heights- shorter cells with microvilli and taller cells with cilia

34
Q

What is the physiologic function of the epididymus?

A

Storage and maturation of sperm

35
Q

What modifications happen to sperm in the epididymus?

A

Become motile, gain membrane receptors and express zona pellucida proteins

36
Q

What sort of epithelium is found in the epididymus? What membrane specializations are found on the epididymus epithelium?

A

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium; Sterocilia

37
Q

At what point in the sperm’s pathway does smooth muscle begin to be seen?

A

Epididymus

38
Q

What is the histologic appearance of the vas deferens?

A

Thick smooth muscle ring around a collapsed lumen

39
Q

How is the smooth muscle of the vas deferens arranged?

A

Longitudinal inner and outer layer and a middle circular layer

40
Q

What sort epithelium is in the vas deferens?

A

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium with patches of stereocilia

41
Q

Into what does the vas deferens empty? What also empties into this structure?

A

Vas deferens ends at the ampulla where it is joined by the duct of the seminal vesicle which together create the ejaculatory ducts

42
Q

Into what does the ejaculatory duct empty?

A

Prostatic urethra

43
Q

What sort of epithelium is in the prostatic urethra? Membranous?

A

Transitional; Stratified or pseudostratified columnar

44
Q

True or False: The prostate contains smooth muscle?

A

True

45
Q

What is secreted by the prostate?

A

Mainly glycoproteins and enzymes

46
Q

What are corpora amylacea?

A

Prostatic concentrations containing primarily deposited glycoproteins and glycosaminoglycans

47
Q

What is secreted by the seminal vesicle?

A

Mainly fructose, prostaglandins, and fibrinogen

48
Q

What percent of ejaculate is contributed by the seminal vesicles?

A

~70%

49
Q

What is the function of the bulbourethral and urethral glands? What regulates mucus secretion?

A

Secrete mucus in response to excitation in the male, lubricating the penile urethra and balancing pH; Testosterone

50
Q

What are the three masses of erectile tissue in the penis? Which contains the urethra? Which makes the glans penis?

A

Corpus spongiosum (contains urethra), and two corpora cavernosum; corpora spongiosum

51
Q

What composes erectile tissue?

A

Vascular cavernous sinuses lined with endothelium

52
Q

How is an erection obtained and sustained?

A

With PSNS innervation the smooth muscle in the helicine aa relax allowing blood to fill vascular sinus– PSNS relaxes muscle in wall of sinus allowing expansion, which constricts the veins, blocking venous blood and causing erection

53
Q

What is the neural stimuli for erection and ejaculation?

A

Parasympathetics to helicine aa result in arousal; sympathetic innervation to smooth muscle in glands and ducts results in ejaculation

Histology Block 3 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions