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Bio Unit 2 > Male Reproductive System > Flashcards

Male Reproductive System Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What causes Genetic Diversity

A

New gene combinations

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2
Q

What does genetic diversity provide

A

The basis for the evolution of species and natural selection

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3
Q

What is the name of the primary reproductive organs

A

The gonads

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4
Q

What are the gonads in males and females

A

Males: Testes
Females: Ovaries

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5
Q

What are the reproductive cells

A

Males: Sperm
Females: Ova

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6
Q

What are the sex hormones

A

Testosterone, estrogen and progesterone

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7
Q

What is puberty

A

The point where reproduction is possible

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8
Q

What happens in the male reproductive system

A

Presence of testostrone and sertoli cell inhibin negatively feeds back to hypothalamus

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9
Q

What happens in the female reproductive system

A

At the beginning of a menstrual cycle, estrogen stimulates LH secretion, whereas, after ovulation, estrogen and progesterone inhibit the pituitary and hypothalamus

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10
Q

What are some secondary sex characteristics

A
  • Development of hair
  • Maturation of internal and external genitalia
  • Increase in shoulder width and muscle mass
  • Voice - larynx enlarges, vocal cords thicken and lengthen
  • Skin - sebaceous gland secretion thickens and increases
  • Mental - Increased aggression, sex drive
  • Distribution of fat in breasts and buttocks
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11
Q

Prepuce (foreskin)

A

Serves a protective function

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12
Q

Glans

A

Expanded tip of the penis

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13
Q

Corpus Cavernosa

A

Erectile tissues, fills with blood producing an erection

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14
Q

Corpus Spongiosa

A

Soft erectile tissue

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15
Q

Urethra

A

Carries sperm and urine but never at the same time

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16
Q

Erection

A

Produced by the trapping of the parasympathetic nervous system - dilating the arterial supply, constricting the venous blood flow out

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17
Q

Seminal Vesicle

A

Sacs under the bladder that secrete fructose (food for sperm) & prostaglandins

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18
Q

What do prostaglandins do

A

Stimulates uterine contractions which help sperm move up the uterus to the fallopian tubes and make up 60% of seminal fluid

19
Q

Ureter

A

Transports urine from kidney to bladder

20
Q

Bladder

A

Stores urine

21
Q

Ejaculatory Duct

A

Connects vas deferens to the urethra

22
Q

Vas Deferens

A

Tube that carries sperm from testes to the urethra

23
Q

Scrotum

A

Sac that contains testis - made up of elastic skin allowing for temperature regulation by raising or lowering relative to the body

24
Q

When does sperm develop best

A

At 2 degrees celsius lower than regular body temp

25
Q

Cowpers Gland

A

Secrete mucous for lubrication before ejaculation - may contain enough sperm for impregnation

26
Q

Prostate gland

A

Produces a milky white alkaline substance to protect the sperm against the acidic environment of the urethra and vagina

27
Q

Testis

A

Production of sperm and testosterone - each contains 250m of twisting seminiferous tubules - site of sperm production

28
Q

Epididymis

A

Coiled tube attached to the outer edge of the testis - where sperm complete development

29
Q

What is spermatogenesis

A

The formation of sperm

30
Q

When does spermatogenesis begin and end

A

Puberty and continues til death

31
Q

Where does it occur

A

Occurs in the seminiferous tubules - as maturation continues, sperm cells move to the lumen, then to the epididymis for final maturation

32
Q

Sertoli (Nurse) Cells

A

In the seminiferous tubules nourish the sperm as they mature

33
Q

What stimulates sperm production

A

FSH and Testostrone

34
Q

What produces testostrone

A

The interstitial cells of Leydig

35
Q

What stimulates testostrone

A

LH

36
Q

Acrosome

A

Contains enzymes to penetrate the egg

37
Q

Nucleus

A

Contains DNA

38
Q

Mitochondria

A

Contained in the mid-piece - provides energy for whipping motion

39
Q

Tail

A

Contails centriole for structure of flagellum

40
Q

Semen

A

Includes sperm and secretions from supportive fluids for nourishment and protection against acidic vagina

41
Q

What is a vasectomy

A

Involves the snipping or tying of the vas deferens preventing sperm from entering the ejaculate

42
Q

If testicles don’t descend what happens

A

Viable sperm do not develop

43
Q

Who is testicular cancer primarily found in and how can it be treated

A

Young male, Removal of one testicle

44
Q

Who are prostate problems generally found in and what does it lead to

A

Older males, enlargement leads to urinary problems

Bio Unit 2 (3 decks)

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