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Bio Unit 2 > Female Reproductive System > Flashcards

Female Reproductive System Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the urinary and reproductive duct systems in females

A

Completely separate

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2
Q

What is external genitalia called

A

Vulva

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3
Q

What does external genitalia contain

A

Clitoris, Labia major and minor, Mons pubis

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4
Q

What is the uterus also called

A

Womb

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5
Q

Uterus

A

Pear-shaped, where fertilized ovum embeds in the endometrium, the lining is shed during menstruation

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6
Q

Vagina

A

Connects the uterus with the outside world - site of sperm deposition, birth canal, protects the rest of the female reproductive system from bacterial invasion (highly acidic)

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7
Q

Oviduct (Fallopian tube)

A

Tube carrying mature ova to the uterus - usually the site of fertilization - ova are swept in by fimbria at open ends

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8
Q

Cervix (Cervical Canal)

A

A muscular band that prevents the fetus from delivering prematurely - will dilate during birth

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9
Q

Ovary

A

Store and produce ova - generally one ovum is produced monthly (each egg is about 1mm large)

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10
Q

Similarities between Ova and Sperm Production

A
  1. Initial development occurs in the ovary (seminiferous tubule)
  2. Final development occurs in the fallopian tube (epididymis)
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11
Q

Differences between Ova and Sperm

A
  1. Women are born with all of the ova-producing cells they will ever have
  2. Every spermatogonia will produce 4 sperm, whereas 1 oogonia produces one ovum
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12
Q

What happens to potential ova

A

They become polar bodies, sacrificing themselves to provide more cytoplasm for the one ovum produced

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13
Q

What happens in response to FSH

A

The development of a mature ovum, one (usually) primary oocyte and the surrounding granulosa cells will develop monthly

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14
Q

When one of the 2 cells produced dies, what is that called

A

A polar body

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15
Q

What foms around the oocyte

A

A fluid-filled cavity

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16
Q

What is ovulation

A

Mature follicle ruptures

17
Q

Where do oocytes complete maturation

A

Oviduct

18
Q

After ovulation, the follicular cells in the ovary collapse, what does that form and secrete

A

Forms: Corpus Luteum
Secrete: Progestrone

19
Q

What happens if implantation does not occur

A

The corpus luteum breaks down forming a scar termed the corpus albicans and the oocyte will disintegrate and be reabsorbed by the body

20
Q

Menstruation

A

Periodic discharge of blood and fluid from the uterus, caused by low levels of estrogen and progesterone at the end of the monthly cycle (hormone withdrawal)

21
Q

Menstrual Cycle

A

Repetitive sequence of shedding the uterine lining (endometrium), development and release of the egg (ovulation), and replacement of the endometrium

22
Q

Menarche

A

The onset of first period

23
Q

Menopause

A

Endo of fertility period

24
Q

What are the four phases of the menstrual cycle

A
  1. Flow Phase
  2. Follicular Phase
  3. Ovulation
  4. Luteal Phase
25
Q

When is flow phase

A

Day 1-5

26
Q

What happens during flow phase

A
  • Marked by the shedding of the endometrial lining
  • Triggered by a decrease in ovarian hormones (particularly progesterone) -> stimulates FSH and LH from the pituitary
  • Corpus luteum degenerates, forming corpus albicans
27
Q

When is the follicular phase

A

Day 6-13

28
Q

What happens during the follicular phase

A
  • Governed by estrogen released by the developing follicle (which is stimulated by FSH)
  • Endometrial lining thickens (estrogen builds the lining)
  • FSH increases then is lowered (negative feedback from estrogen)
  • LH production increases (stimulated by estrogen)
  • Follicle matures
29
Q

When is ovulation

A

Day 14

30
Q

What happens during Ovulation

A
  • Estrogen and LH levels peak
  • Follicle erupts, ovum is released into Fallopian tube
  • Females temperature peaks (may be used as a contraceptive method or to help in impregnation)
31
Q

When is the Luteal Phase

A

Day 15-28

32
Q

What happens during luteal phase

A
  • Corpus luteum develops
  • Lasts until menstruation
  • Governed by progesterone released by the corpus luteum
  • Further ovulation and uterine contractions are inhibited (progesterone prevents contractions)
  • Endometrial lining continues to thicken, preparing for pregnancy
33
Q

What does progesterone do

A

Maintains the lining

34
Q

What does estrogen do

A

Develops the lining

35
Q

How does the breakdown of the endometrium occur

A

Progesterone and estrogen inhibit LH release –> Corpus luteum starts to degenerate –> Breakdown of endometrium

Bio Unit 2 (3 decks)

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