Male Reproductive System Flashcards
name the 10 organs of the male reproductive system
Ductus deferens
urethra
testes
scrotum
epididymis
bulbourethral gland
ejaculatory ducts
seminal vesicles
penis
prostate gland
name the function of the scrotum
regulates the temperature of the testes
what are the two muscles that contract in the scrotum and what is their function
cremaster - skeletal muscle bringing testes closer to the body to bring warmth
dartos - smooth muscle wrinkling the scrotum to reduce heat loss
what is the function of the testes
site of sperm production
what are the 3 types of cells found in the testes and what is their function
spermatogenic cells - develop into sperm
sustentacular cells - nourish and support development of sperm
interstitial cells - secrete testosterone
what is the function of the epididymis
matures and stores sperm
what is the function of the ductus deferens
transport sperm from epididymis to ejaculatory duct
(smooth muscle moves sperm by peristalsis)
what is the function of the ejaculatory duct
ejects sperm and seminal vesicle secretions into urethra
(passes through prostate)
what are the three sections of the urethra
prostate urethra
membranous urethra
spongy urethra
what is the function of the urethra
passageway for semen and urine
what is the function of the seminal vesicles
secretes alkaline fluid, fructose, prostaglandins and clotting proteins
how much % of sperm does the seminal vesicles make
60%
what is the function of the prostate gland
secrete citric acid, enzymes and seminalplasmin
how much % of sperm does the prostate gland make
25%
what is the function of the bulbourethral glands
secretes alkaline fluid and mucous
how much % of sperm does the bulbourethral glands make
less than 1%
what is the function of the penis
delivers semen to female reproductive system
what are the two sections of the penis and what are their functions
corpus cavernosa - fulls with blood to help maintain erection
corpus spongiosum - keeps urethra open for ejaculation
describe the process of cell division of spermatogenesis
spermatogonium (stem cell) produces some more stem cells, but also a primary spermatocyte.
primary spermatocyte replicate DNA and divides into two secondary spermatocytes (meiosis 1).
secondary spermatocyte divides in half to make four spermatids (meiosis 2).
spermiogenesis then occurs to change the shape of the spermatid, adding a head and tale to create the sperm
what does the head of the sperm contain
nucleus with 23 chromosomes
why is the head of the sperm covered with the acrosome
the enzymes help penetrate the egg for fertilisation
where in the sperm body is the mitochondria
in the middle piece of the tail
describe the pathway of sperm (7)
seminiferous tubules
epididymis
ductus deferens
ejaculatory duct
prostatic urethra
membranous urethra
spongy urethra
what are the 6 hormones for regulation in the male reproductive system
gonadotrpoin releasing hormone
luteinising hormone
follicle stimulating hormone
testosterone
androgen binding hormone
inhibin
what is the function of the gonadotropin releasing hormone
stimulates release of luteinising hormone and follicle stimulating hormone
from the hypothalamus
what is the function of the luteinising hormone
stimulates secretion of testosterone from interstitial cells
from anterior pituitary
what is the function of the follicle stimulating hormone
stimulates secretion of ABP from sustentacular cells
from anterior pituitary
what is the function of testosterone
development of sex organs and secondary sex characteristics
from the interstitial cells in testes
what is the function of the androgen binding proteins
binds to testosterone to keep concentration high for spermatogenesis
from the sustentacular cells in testes
what is the function of inhibin
inhibits secretion of follicle stimulating hormone
from the sustentacular cells in testes
