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SAP 3 > Female Reproductive System > Flashcards

Female Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 5 main parts of the female reproductive system

A

uterine tubes
ovary
uterus
vulva
vagina

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2
Q

describe the function of the ovaries

A

produce gametes and hormones

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3
Q

describe the function of the uterine tubes

A

transports fertilised ova to uterus; site of fertilisation

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4
Q

describe the function of the uterus

A

thick muscular chamber that opens to the vagina; site of implantation

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5
Q

describe the function of the vagina

A

extends from cervix to exterior of the body

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6
Q

what are the three parts of the vulva

A

mons pubis
labia majora
labia minora
clitoris

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7
Q

what is the function of the mons pubis

A

mound of adipose tissue above pubic symphysis; protection/cushioning

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8
Q

what is the function of the labia majora

A

outer folds which protect underlying organs

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9
Q

what is the function of the labia minora

A

inner folds which protect vaginal urethral openings

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10
Q

what is the function of the clitoris

A

erectile tissue which plays a role in sexual excitement

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11
Q

what are the 6 types of cells/follicles/gametes in the ovaries

A

follicular cells - single layer of surrounding cells

granuloma cells - several layers of surrounding cells

mature follicle - large fluid filled follicles

secondary oocyte - ovulated oocyte that binds with sperm

corpus luteum - secretes hormones; temporary endocrine structure

corpus albicans - disintegrated; no real function

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12
Q

what are the 3 layers of the ovaries

A

endometrium
myometrium
perimetrium

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13
Q

what are the 2 layers within the endometrium and their function

A

stratum functionals - inner most layer lining the uterus; this shreds during menstruation

stratum basalis - produces next layer of stratum functionals once it has been shed

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14
Q

wha are the three section of the uterus

A

fundus
body
cervix

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15
Q

what are the three layers of the vagina and their function

A

endometrium - continuous with uterus; contains rugae

muscularis - stretches during intercourse and childbirth

adventitia - anchors vagina to adjacent organs

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16
Q

what does the fimbriae do

A

sweeps the secondary oocyte into the uterine tubes

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17
Q

what are the three layers of the uterine tubes

A

mucosa
muscularis
serousa

18
Q

describe the process of oogenesis

A
  1. germ cells differentiate into oogonia
  2. develop into primary oocytes; meiosis 1
  3. remains like this until hits puberty
  4. primary follicle develops into secondary follicle
  5. secondary follicle develops into mature follicle OR meiosis 1 is completed and 1st polar body and secondary oocyte formed
  6. meiosis 2 begins and then stops, ovulation occurs
  7. if fertilised, meiosis 2 resumes an d2nd polar body and ovum formed
19
Q

what are the 3 phases of the ovarian cycle

A

follicular phase 1-14 days
ovulation 14 days
luteal phase 14-28 days

20
Q

what are the 3 phases of the uterine cycle

A

menstruation 1-5 days
Proliferative 5-14 days
Secretory phase 14-28

21
Q

what happens in the follicular phase

A

follicle stimulating hormone stimulates growth of follicles.
mature follicle releases oestrogen.

22
Q

what happens in the ovulation phase

A

luteinising hormone triggers ovulation.
mature follicle releases secondary oocyte.

23
Q

what happens in the luteal phase

A

corpus lute secretes progesterone.
progesterone maintains in endometrium.

24
Q

what happens in the menstruation phase

A

reduced progesterone.
stratum functionalis shed - bleeding.

25
Q

what happens in the proliferative phase

A

increased oestrogen.
building of stratum functionalis.

26
Q

what happens in the secretory phase

A

increased progesterone from corpus luteum.
thickens and maintains endometrium.

27
Q

describe the function of the follicle stimulating hormone (1)

A

FSH stimulates one follicle to keep growing and triggers it to secrete oestrogen for maturation

28
Q

describe the function of the luteinising hormone (2)

A

allows for the oocyte in the follicle to start dividing again and complete meiosis 1 and move onto metaphase 2; takes 14 days

triggers ovulation, releasing secondary oocyte into uterine tubules

29
Q

describe what happens in ovulation (3)

A

the follicle pushes against the ovary wall, ruptures and breaches the wall to release a mature oocyte

30
Q

what happens to the follicle once ovulation occurs and a mature oocyte has been released (4)

A

the follicle turns into corpus luteum; releasing progesterone, oestrogen and inhibin and relaxin

31
Q

what happens after ovulation (5)

A

the egg goes into the uterus and buries itself in the walls

32
Q

what happens if the egg isn’t fertilised in the uterus

A

the innermost walls shed off (triggered by oestrogen and progesterone), releasing that egg

33
Q

what is fertilisation

A

when genetic material of sperm and oocyte unite

34
Q

what are the four steps of fertilisation

A

capacitation
acrosomal reaction
cortical reaction
implantation

35
Q

what is capacitation

A

removal of cholesterol and thinning of sperm membrane to increase sperms motility

36
Q

what is acrosomal reaction

A

sperm burrows into granuloma cells and releases digestive enzymes filled acrosomes to make contact with the receptors of the oocyte

37
Q

what is cortical reaction

A

when sperm binds to receptor on oocyte, a wall is created between the fused cells and the rest of the sperm

fast block: depolarisation of oocyte plasma membrane

slow block: vesicles in oocyte release proteins to destroy sperm receptors and creates a fertilisation membrane

this prevents polysperming

38
Q

what is implantation

A

blastocyst (fertilised egg) attaches to the endometrium of uterus; secretes enzymes and berries into granuloma cells

39
Q
A
39
Q
A

SAP 3 (3 decks)

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