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Human Structure & Function II > Male Reproductive System > Flashcards

Male Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

What makes up the duct system in males?

A

Epidiymis
Ductus deferens
Urethra
Ejaculatory duct

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2
Q

What are the accessory organs?

A

Seminal glands
Prostate gland
Bulbourethral glands

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3
Q

What makes up the external genitelia?

A

Penis
Scrotum
Testes

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4
Q

How are the testicles connected to trunk?

A

Spermatic cord

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5
Q

What covers the testes?

A

Tunica albuginea: capsule that surrounds each testicle

Septa: extensions of the capsule that extend into the testis and divide it into lobules

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6
Q

What are seminiferous tubules? Where are they located?

A

They are found in each lobule, each lobule has 1 to 4 seminiferous tubules.

They are tightly coiled structures.

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7
Q

What is the function of the seminiferous tubules?

A

Form sperm and empty sperm into the rete testes.

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8
Q

Which cells produce androgens (testosterone)?

A

Interstitial cells

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9
Q

What is the function of the duct system?

A

To conduct sperm and semen

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10
Q

What is the location of the epididymis?

A

Posterior lateral side of the testis

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11
Q

What is the function of the epididymis?

A

To store immature sperm and allow sperm to mature.

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12
Q

What happens during ejaculation?

A

Sperm is propelled to the ductus deferens.

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13
Q

What does the ductus deferens consist of?

A

Ampulla: end of the ductus, empties into ejaculatory duct
Ejaculatory duct: passes through prostate to merge with urethra

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14
Q

What is the function of the ductus deferens?

A

Move sperm by peristalsis into urethra

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15
Q

What is the function of the urethra?

A

To carry both urine and sperm

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16
Q

What are the regions of the urethra?

A

Spongy, Prostatic, Membranous

17
Q

What happens to the urethra during ejaculation?

A

The internal urethra sphincter closes

18
Q

Why does the internal urethra sphincter close during ejaculation?

A

To prevent urine from passing into urethra
To prevent sperm from entering the urinary bladder

19
Q

Where are the seminal vesicles located?

A

At the base of the bladder (posterior end of bladder)

20
Q

What does the yellowish fluid that is produced by the seminal vesicles consist of?

A

Fructose
Vitamin C
Prostaglandins
Seminal Plasmin

21
Q

What is the function of the urethra?

A

To carry sperm and urine and secrete milky fluid which mobilises sperm

22
Q

What are the bulbourethral glands?

A

Pea-sized glands located inferior to the prostate

23
Q

What is the function of the bulbourethral glands?

A

To produce clear mucus which is essential in the process of lubrication

24
Q

What is the function of the clear mucus that is produced from the bulbourethral glands?

A

Cleanses spongy urethra
Serves as lubricant

25
Q

What is semen a mixture of?

A

A mixture of sperm and accessory gland secretions

26
Q

What are the functions of the different components of semen?

A

Liquid portion: acts as a transport medium to dilute sperm
Fructose: provides energy for sperm cells
Alkalinity of semen neutralises acidic environment of vagina

27
Q

What is the function of prostaglandins in semen?

A

Prostaglandins: decrease viscosity of mucus, stimulate reverse peristalsis, facilitate movement of sperm into female reproductive tract.

28
Q

What hormone does the prostate release?

A

Relaxin to enhance sperm mobility

29
Q

What is the function of seminal plasmin?

A

Antibiotic that destroys certain bacteria

30
Q

How many ml of semen are ejaculated?

A

2 to 5, each containing 50 to 130 million sperm cells

31
Q

Why is the scrotum outside of the body?

A

To maintain a low temperature of around 35oC so that the sperm can be viable

32
Q

What are the different regions of the penis?

A

Shaft
Glans penis
Prepuce

33
Q

When does erection occur?

A

Occurs when the erectile penis fills with blood during sexual excitement

34
Q

What is the function of the male reproductive system?

A

Produce sperm and testosterone

35
Q

What is the function of testosterone?

A

To stimulate reproductive organ development
Cause secondary sex characteristics

36
Q

What happens during sexual arousal?

A

Parasympathetic reflex promotes the release of nitric oxide which causes erectile tissue to fill up with blood.

Expansion of the corpora cavernosa

Enlargement and stiffening of penis due to engorgement of erectile tissue with blood

37
Q

What is the function of corpus spongiosum during ejaculation?

A

To keep the urethra open

38
Q

What is ejaculation?

A

Smooth muscles in the walls of the ductus deferens create peristaltic waves to squeeze sperm forward.

39
Q

What is impotence?

A

Inability to attain an erection, parasympathetic nerves release little to no nitric oxide.

Human Structure & Function II (9 decks)

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