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Human Structure & Function II > Female Reproductive System > Flashcards

Female Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

What does the duct system consist of?

A

Uterine tubes
Uterus
Vagina

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2
Q

What are the three different kinds of ligaments that support the ovaries?

A

Suspensory: secure ovaries to lateral walls of the pelvis
Ovarian: anchor ovaries to the uterus medially
Broad: enclose and hold ovaries in place

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3
Q

What is the function of the uterine tubes?

A

To receive the oocyte from the ovaries
Provide a site for fertilization
Empty into uterus

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4
Q

What are uterine tubes supported by?

A

Broad ligaments

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5
Q

What are the two structures of the fallopian tubes?

A

Infundibulum: distal end
Fimbriae: fingerlike projections of infundibulum

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6
Q

What is the function of the fimbriae?

A

To receive the oocyte from the ovaries

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7
Q

Why is there cilia inside the fimbriae?

A

To transport the oocyte

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8
Q

Where is the uterus located?

A

Between the urinary bladder and rectum

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9
Q

What is the function of the uterus?

A

To receive, retain and nourish fertilised egg

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10
Q

What kind of ligaments support the uterus?

A

Broad: suspends uterus into pelvis
Round ligaments: anchors uterus anteriorly
Uterosacral: anchors uterus posteriorly

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11
Q

What are the three regions of the uterus?

A

Body
Fundus
Cervix

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12
Q

What are the different layers of the uterus?

A

Endometrium: inner layer, site of implantation, shredded if no pregnancy occurs.

Myometrium: middle layer, contracts during labor.

Perimetrium (visceral peritoneum): outermost layer

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13
Q

What does the female external genitalia include?

A

Mons pubis,
Labia,
Clitoris,
Urethral orifice,
Vaginal orifice,
Greater vestibular glands

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14
Q

What is the first menstrual cycle called?

A

Menarche

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15
Q

When does reproductive ability end?

A

Menopause

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16
Q

What hormones are produced by the ovaries?

A

Estrogen and Progesterone

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17
Q

Which specific structure of the ovaries produces progesterone?

A

Corpus luteum

18
Q

What is the function of progesterone?

A

Helps maintain pregnancy
Prepares breasts for lactation and milk production

19
Q

What happens during days 1 to 5 of the menstrual cycle?

A

Menstrual phase

20
Q

What happens during days 6 to 14 of the menstrual cycle?

A

Proliferative phase; regeneration of the endometrium.
Estrogen levels rise
Ovulation occurs

21
Q

What happens during days 15 to 28 of the menstrual cycle?

A

Secretory phase; progesterone levels rise, and endometrium increases in size in case of implantation.
Produces a glycogen-rich secretion; histotroph.

22
Q

What is a primary follicle?

A

Follicle containing an immature oocyte

23
Q

What is a vesicular follicle?

A

Growing follicle with a maturing egg

24
Q

What happens during ovulation?

A

The follicle ruptures when egg is mature and the egg is ejected from the ovary.

25
Q

What does the ruptured follicle transform into?

A

Corpus luteum

26
Q

What are the stages of ovarian cycle?

A

Follicular phase and luteal phase

27
Q

What happens during follicular phase?

A

Maturation of ovarian follicle and secretion of estrogen.
FSH is secreted from the pituitary gland causes follicles to grow so that one can mature into Graafian follicle.

28
Q

What is the function of the Graanfian follicle?

A

To secrete estrogen

29
Q

What causes ovulation?

A

Stimulation of LH secretion by the anterior pituitary gland

30
Q

What is the hormone associated with the luteal phase?

A

Progesterone

31
Q

What happens if there is no fertilisation?

A

Corpus luteum persists for 9 to 14 days and then degenerates to give rise to corpus albicans.

32
Q

What happens if fertilisation occurs?

A

Corpus luteum persists for 4months and then slowly degenerates and placenta takes over.

33
Q

What hormone do human embryos produce?

A

HCG (Human Chorionic Gonadotropin) similar to LH

34
Q

What are oogonia?

A

Female stem cells found in developing fetus

35
Q

Why do oogonia undergo mitosis?

A

To produce primary oocytes which are surrounded by cells that form primary follicles.

36
Q

At what stage of life do the primary oocytes become active?

A

Puberty

37
Q

When is meiosis complete in the process of oogenesis?

A

Only if sperm fertilises oocyte after ovulation

38
Q

What is the result of meiosis in oogenesis?

A

An ovum and two polar bodies

39
Q

What happens to the secondary oocyte if not penetrated by a sperm cell?

A

It dies and it does not complete meiosis

40
Q

What happens to the secondary oocyte if not penetrated by a sperm cell?

A

It dies and it does not complete meiosis

41
Q

What is the function of oxytocin?

A

Promotes labor contractions during birth by a positive feedback mechanism.

Human Structure & Function II (9 decks)

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