Female Reproductive System

Question 1

What does the duct system consist of?

Answer 1

Uterine tubes
Uterus
Vagina

Question 2

What are the three different kinds of ligaments that support the ovaries?

Answer 2

Suspensory: secure ovaries to lateral walls of the pelvis
Ovarian: anchor ovaries to the uterus medially
Broad: enclose and hold ovaries in place

Question 3

What is the function of the uterine tubes?

Answer 3

To receive the oocyte from the ovaries
Provide a site for fertilization
Empty into uterus

Question 4

What are uterine tubes supported by?

Answer 4

Broad ligaments

Question 5

What are the two structures of the fallopian tubes?

Answer 5

Infundibulum: distal end
Fimbriae: fingerlike projections of infundibulum

Question 6

What is the function of the fimbriae?

Answer 6

To receive the oocyte from the ovaries

Question 7

Why is there cilia inside the fimbriae?

Answer 7

To transport the oocyte

Question 8

Where is the uterus located?

Answer 8

Between the urinary bladder and rectum

Question 9

What is the function of the uterus?

Answer 9

To receive, retain and nourish fertilised egg

Question 10

What kind of ligaments support the uterus?

Answer 10

Broad: suspends uterus into pelvis
Round ligaments: anchors uterus anteriorly
Uterosacral: anchors uterus posteriorly

Question 11

What are the three regions of the uterus?

Answer 11

Body
Fundus
Cervix

Question 12

What are the different layers of the uterus?

Answer 12

Endometrium: inner layer, site of implantation, shredded if no pregnancy occurs.

Myometrium: middle layer, contracts during labor.

Perimetrium (visceral peritoneum): outermost layer

Question 13

What does the female external genitalia include?

Answer 13

Mons pubis,
Labia,
Clitoris,
Urethral orifice,
Vaginal orifice,
Greater vestibular glands

Question 14

What is the first menstrual cycle called?

Answer 14

Menarche

Question 15

When does reproductive ability end?

Answer 15

Menopause

Question 16

What hormones are produced by the ovaries?

Answer 16

Estrogen and Progesterone

Question 17

Which specific structure of the ovaries produces progesterone?

Answer 17

Corpus luteum

Question 18

What is the function of progesterone?

Answer 18

Helps maintain pregnancy
Prepares breasts for lactation and milk production

Question 19

What happens during days 1 to 5 of the menstrual cycle?

Answer 19

Menstrual phase

Question 20

What happens during days 6 to 14 of the menstrual cycle?

Answer 20

Proliferative phase; regeneration of the endometrium.
Estrogen levels rise
Ovulation occurs

Question 21

What happens during days 15 to 28 of the menstrual cycle?

Answer 21

Secretory phase; progesterone levels rise, and endometrium increases in size in case of implantation.
Produces a glycogen-rich secretion; histotroph.

Question 22

What is a primary follicle?

Answer 22

Follicle containing an immature oocyte

Question 23

What is a vesicular follicle?

Answer 23

Growing follicle with a maturing egg

Question 24

What happens during ovulation?

Answer 24

The follicle ruptures when egg is mature and the egg is ejected from the ovary.

Question 25

What does the ruptured follicle transform into?

Answer 25

Corpus luteum

Question 26

What are the stages of ovarian cycle?

Answer 26

Follicular phase and luteal phase

Question 27

What happens during follicular phase?

Answer 27

Maturation of ovarian follicle and secretion of estrogen. FSH is secreted from the pituitary gland causes follicles to grow so that one can mature into Graafian follicle.

Question 28

What is the function of the Graanfian follicle?

Answer 28

To secrete estrogen

Question 29

What causes ovulation?

Answer 29

Stimulation of LH secretion by the anterior pituitary gland

Question 30

What is the hormone associated with the luteal phase?

Answer 30

Progesterone

Question 31

What happens if there is no fertilisation?

Answer 31

Corpus luteum persists for 9 to 14 days and then degenerates to give rise to corpus albicans.

Question 32

What happens if fertilisation occurs?

Answer 32

Corpus luteum persists for 4months and then slowly degenerates and placenta takes over.

Question 33

What hormone do human embryos produce?

Answer 33

HCG (Human Chorionic Gonadotropin) similar to LH

Question 34

What are oogonia?

Answer 34

Female stem cells found in developing fetus

Question 35

Why do oogonia undergo mitosis?

Answer 35

To produce primary oocytes which are surrounded by cells that form primary follicles.

Question 36

At what stage of life do the primary oocytes become active?

Answer 36

Puberty

Question 37

When is meiosis complete in the process of oogenesis?

Answer 37

Only if sperm fertilises oocyte after ovulation

Question 38

What is the result of meiosis in oogenesis?

Answer 38

An ovum and two polar bodies

Question 39

What happens to the secondary oocyte if not penetrated by a sperm cell?

Answer 39

It dies and it does not complete meiosis

Question 40

What happens to the secondary oocyte if not penetrated by a sperm cell?

Answer 40

It dies and it does not complete meiosis

Question 41

What is the function of oxytocin?

Answer 41

Promotes labor contractions during birth by a positive feedback mechanism.