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Anatomy; Restart - HISTOLOGY > Male Reproductive System > Flashcards

Male Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

Remarks on tunical albuginea

A

Dense fibrous capsule of the testis

*leydig cells are found in tunica albuginea

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2
Q

Remarks on spermatogenesis

A

Spermatogenesis: production of gametes (spermatid)
Spermiogenesis: production of motile spermatozoon
“Whole process taking ~70 days”

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3
Q

Remarks on sertoli cells

A
  1. Found resting on the basement membrane of seminiferous tubules, with EXTENSIVE CYTOPLASM
  2. Phagocytose excess cytoplasm of spermatozoa (SPERMIATION)
  3. Form TIGHT JUNCTIONS
  4. Secrete ANDROGEN-BINDING PROTEIN (dependent on FSH), and INHIBIN (also a product of leydig cells) which regulates hormone production
  5. Contain CHARCOT-BOTTCHER CRYSTALS 🎃
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4
Q

Remarks on meiotic division in spermatogenesis

A
  • first meiosis takes approximately 3 weeks to complete
  • produce SECONDARY SPERMATOCYTES (these smaller secondary spermatocytes rapidly undergo the SECOND MEIOTIC DIVISION and are therefore seldome seen —-> SPERMATIDS (gametes)
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5
Q

Remarks on seminiferous tubules

A

Examination of different sections of the tubules of a normal testis shows about HALF the spermatogenic cells to be in the LATE SPERMATID STAGE

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6
Q

Describe spermatoZOON

A
  • ABOUT 65um long
  • anterior 2/3 of nucleus is surrounded by the acrosomal capp (contains HYALURONIDASE)
  • mitochondria are concentrated in the MIDDLE PIECE of the FLAGELLA
  • centrioles give rise to the AXONEME (9+2 arrangement of microtubule douoblets seen in cilia)
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7
Q

Remarks on Leydig cells

A
  1. Contain elongated cytoplasmic CRYSTALS OF REINKE ⭐️ (found only in adults,but their function is unknown)
  2. Testosterone is the main hormone secreted by leydig cells (secretory activity of leydig cells is controled by LH “interstitial cell stimulating hormone [ICSH]”)
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8
Q

Appendix testis

A

Hydatid of Morgagni
Antero-superior aspect of testis
Remnant of the mullerian duct and is present in ~80% of men

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9
Q

Other appendages in the testicular area

A

Appendix epididymis
Vas aberrans (organ of Haller)
Paradidymis (organ of Giraldes)

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10
Q

Remarks on epididymis

A

Lined by a pseudostratified epithelium

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11
Q

Remarks on vas deferens

A

Also lined by pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Its distal ampullar part receives the duct draining the SEMINAL VESICLE, thus forming the EJACULATORY DUCT

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12
Q

Remarks on the seminal vesicles

A
  • also lined by pseudostratified columnar epithleium
  • has secretory cells with lipid droplets , giving it a foamy appearnace
  • epithelial cells also have LIPOFUSCIN
  • produce an ALKALINE FLUID, containing, FRUCTOSE, FIBRINOGEN, VITAMIN C, PROSTAGLANDINS
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13
Q

Zones of the prostate

A 
PERIPHERAL ZONE (70%) ⭐️
CENTRAL ZONE (20%): surrounds the EJACULATORY DUCTS 🎃 (posterior to the transition zone)
TRANSITION ZONE (5%): surrounds the proximal prostatic urethra ⭐️
ANTERIOR ZONE: fibromuscular stroma; no glandular tissue ⭐️
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14
Q

Corpora

A

PROSTATE:
corpora amylacea (spherecal concretions; increased with age and can become calcified)
PINEAL GLAND
Corpora arenacea (brain sand)

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15
Q

Remarks on the prostate gland

A
  1. Secretions make up 30-50% pf seminal fluid volume
  2. Secretions contain CITRIC ACID and proteolytic inzymes, including FIBRINOLYSINS (liquefies the coagulated semen after it has been deposited in the vagina)
  3. Corpora amylacea (inspissated secretions)
  4. COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM: 2 cell layers (luminal and basal)
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16
Q

Remarks on the penis

A

2 dorsal columns - CORPORA CAVERNOSA
1 ventral column - CORPORA SPONGIOSUM
-penile urethra
-glans penis

17
Q

Remarks on the male urethra

A

Apart from the PROSTATIC URETHRA, which is lined by TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIUM, the male urethra is lined by STRATIFIED or PSEUDOSTRATIFIED columnar epithelium

18
Q

Remarks on the semen

A
  • consists of spermatozoa and seminal fluid
  • volume of each human ejaculate is about 3.5mL, containing 50-150 million spermatozoa per mL
  • in normal fertile human males, up to 25% of the ejaculated spermatozoa are abnormal or degenerate forms

Anatomy; Restart - HISTOLOGY (5 decks)

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