Female Reproductive

Question 1

Remarks on the breast

Answer 1

“The breasts are highly modified APOCRINE SWEAT GLANDS.”

Question 2

The ovaries arise from

Answer 2

From the GENITAL RIDGE

-a thickening in the mesothelium high on the posterior wall of the peritoneal cavity

Question 3

Timeline of follicular development

Answer 3

EARLY FETAL: primordial germ cells, OOGONIA, multiply by MITOSIS
4-5TH MONTH: oogonia enlarge to become PRIMARY OOCYTES; begins first stage of MEIOSIS
7tth MONTH: follicular cells surround primary oocytes = PRIMORDIAL FOLLICLES; arrest of meiosis; several million primordial follicals
BIRTH: 500,000 PRIMORDIAL FOLLICLES
*menstrual cycle occurs approximately 400x in a lifetime

Question 4

Differentiate gametognesis of females and males

Answer 4

FEMALES: ALL germ cells are present a birth, they start the meiosis even at fetal life, but completes the meiosis 15 to 50 years later

MALES: most of their germ cells only form after PUBERTY, pero continuous na yun for life. And then meiosis also happens only AFTER PUBERTY, pero completed na yun in just 70 DAYS!

Question 5

Features of primordial follicle

Answer 5

Primary oocytes surrounded by single layer fo flattened follicular cells

Question 6

Featrues of primary follicle

Answer 6

• granulosa cells (formerly follicular cells), zona granulosa
• zona pellucida
• theca cells

Question 7

Features of secondardy follicle

Answer 7

• follicular antrum
• oocytes is found in the cumulus oophorus (thickened area of the granulosa)
• theca interna (androstenedione; “luteinized”)
• theca externa (no endocrine funciton)
• granulosa cells produced estrogen and INHIBIN

Question 8

Features of graafian follicle

Answer 8

1. Complettion of first meiosis -> SECONDARY OOCYTE, first polar body (remains in the zona pellucida)
2. Cumulus oophorus diminishes, leaving the oocyte surrounded by CORONA RADIATA
3. Diameter: 1.5-2.5 cm

Question 9

Describe ovulatiotn

Answer 9

The mature follicle ruptures and the OVUM, made up of the SECONDARY OOCYTE, ZP, CR, is expelled into the peritoneal cavity near the entrance to the Fallopian tube.

Question 10

Remarks on hcg

Answer 10

1. Produced by placenta
2. Has an analogous function to LH and maintains the funciton of corpus luteum until about the 9th week of pregnancy (when the corpus luteum regresses into corpus albicans and the placenta takes over the role of estrogen and progesterone production)