male reproductive

Question 1

Somatic (body) cells have _________ chromosomes. This is referred to as being _________ (diploid or haploid).

Answer 1

46 chromosomes , diploid

Question 2

Gametes (sex cells) have __________ chromosomes. This is referred to as being _________ (diploid or haploid).

Answer 2

23 chromosomes, haploid

Question 3

have 23 chromosomes also called sex cells, haploid

Answer 3

gametes cells

Question 4

have 46 chromosomes , diploid

Answer 4

somatic

Question 5

Cell division that occurs in almost all cells in the body, 46 chromosomes in the body

Answer 5

mitosis

Question 6

Cell division that occurs in sex cells
Involves 2 stages (meiosis I and meiosis II)
Produces 4 gametes with half the chromosomes
Only 23 chromosomes (haploid)

Answer 6

meiosis

Question 7

sperm cells are also called

Answer 7

spermatozoa

Question 8

egg cells also called

Answer 8

ovum, ova

Question 9

-spermatozoa or sperm cells production

-Begins at puberty and does not stop with age

Answer 9

spermatogenesis

Question 10

ovum creation

Answer 10

oogenesis

Question 11

The Testes
Hang from body in the scrotum… why?

Answer 11

temperature
Allowing the testes to sit just outside the body cavity allows to remain slightly cooler and allows for sperm production to occur optimally. For example, when it is cold, the muscle contracts to bring the testes closer to the warm body. When it is hot, it relaxes to lower the testes and allow them to cool.

Question 12

Site of sperm production “spermatogenesis”

Answer 12

outermost layer of seminiferous tubules , wall

Question 13

cells that Produces androgens, dominant male sex hormones
Testosterone is the most important androgen

Answer 13

Large interstitial cells (Leydig cells)

Question 14

the most important androgen

Answer 14

testosterone

Question 15

also called the stem cells for spermatogenesis

Answer 15

spermatogonia

Question 16

progression of spermatogenesis

Answer 16

1. spermatogonia (mitosis)
2. primary spermatocyte (meiosis 1)
3. secondary spermatocyte (meiosis 2)
4. spermatids ( 4 gametes) or 23 chromosomes
5. spermatozoa
6. spermiogenesis (fused)
7. spermiation (unfused)

Question 17

The last step of spermatogenesis

Answer 17

Spermiogenesis

Question 17

Spermatogonia (stem cells) divide by mitosis to produce two daughter cells (_46___ Chromosomes)…what happens with the 2 daughter cells

Answer 17

1 remains as a spermatogonium
other 1 differentiates into a primary spermatocyte

Question 18

Spermatozoa lose contact with wall of seminiferous tubule and enter fluid in lumen

Answer 18

spermiation

Question 19

Functions of Nurse Cells

Answer 19

blood–testis barrier
mitosis and meiosis
spermiogenesis
inhibin
Secrete androgen-binding protein (ABP)
Secrete Müllerian-inhibiting factor (MIF)

Question 20

Nurse cells are stimulated by:

Answer 20

Follicle-stimulating hormone, FSH (from Anterior Pituitary Gland)
Testosterone (from leydig cells)

Question 21

Stimulated nurse cells promote:

Answer 21

Division of spermatogonia
Division of spermatocytes

Question 22

Is a peptide hormone secreted by nurse cells in response to factors released by sperm
Depresses:
Pituitary production of FSH
Spermatogenesis

Answer 22

Inhibin

Question 23

Regulation of FSH and GnRH by inhibin:
Gives nurse cells ______ control of spermatogenesis which will create an effect of

Answer 23

negative feedback

Sperm production, increased inhibin production, decreased FSH, GnRH, decreased sperm

Question 24

decreases the production of FSH in the pituitary gland.

Answer 24

inhibin

Question 25

FSH stimulates spermatogenesis so by decreasing FSH, inhibin decreases____

Answer 25

spermatogenesis

Question 26

The release of inhibin gives nurse cells control of spermatogenesis. Cell division occurs, then the new sperm release factors that bind to nurse cells. Nurse cells increase inhibin. Inhibin decreases sperm production.

Answer 26

negative feedback

Question 27

Its important to note that testosterone only stimulates sperm production when there is

Answer 27

FSH secretion

Question 28

testosterone (androgen) is produced from

Answer 28

leydig cells

Question 29

The _____ produce the components of semen (besides sperm).

Answer 29

accessory glands

Question 30

The most important accessory glands for semen production

Answer 30

seminal glands prostate gland bulbo-urethral glands

Question 31

____ is a vehicle for sperm transport out of the male reproductive tract and into the vagina. It is a mixture of secretions from many glands.

Answer 31

semen

Question 32

____contains between 20 million and 100 million sperm per mL. It also contains______ from the aforementioned glands.

Answer 32

semen, seminal fluid

Question 33

is a transportation medium for sperm.

Answer 33

seminal fluid

Question 34

seminal fluid components

Answer 34

fructose (a sugar) prostaglandins seminogelin

Question 35

component that is metabolized by the mitochondria in the sperm. This provides ATP energy for the sperm to “swim”.

Answer 35

fructose

Question 36

stimulate smooth muscle contractions in the woman. These contractions help to spread the sperm.

Answer 36

Prostaglandins

Question 37

a fibrin like protein that forms a temporary clot in the semen. The stickiness of the semen helps to keep the semen in the vagina to give the sperm a better chance of fertilizing an egg. is secreted as the inactive proseminogelin. It gets activated when mixed with an enzyme from the prostate gland.

Answer 37

seminogelin

Question 38

inactive proseminogelin is activated to seminogelin when mixed with an____ from the prostate gland.

Answer 38

enzyme

Question 39

A rounded portion that contains the nucleus and chromosomes

Answer 39

head

Question 40

A cap-like structure at tip of head A membranous compartment that contains enzymes essential to fertilization of the egg Made of fused saccules from spermatid’s Golgi apparatus

Answer 40

Acrosome

Question 41

Attached to head by short neck Contains mitochondria in spiral around microtubules Provides ATP to move tail (flagellum)

Answer 41

Middle piece

Question 42

Is the only flagellum in the human body Is a whiplike organelle that moves cell from one place to another Has complex, corkscrew motion

Answer 42

tail