female reproductive

Question 1

-Also called ovum production
-Begins before birth then pauses during fetal development
-Resumes/Accelerates at puberty and continues in a monthly ovarian cycle
-Ends at menopause

Answer 1

oogenesis

Question 2

female reproductive stem cells are called

Answer 2

oogonia

Question 3

oogonia complete their mitotic divisions before___

Answer 3

birth

Question 4

the first cell division of oocyte

Answer 4

meiosis 1

Question 5

when puberty begins, levels of ___ from the pituitary rise. ___triggers the start of the ovarian cycle.

Answer 5

FSH

Question 6

The oocyte only completes meiosis II to become a mature ovum if ____of the egg occurs by a sperm.

Answer 6

fertilization

Question 7

Female reproduction 2 cycles

Answer 7

Ovarian Cycle
Uterine Cycle

Question 8

Monthly series of events in ovaries that occur during and after the maturation of oocyte
After puberty, a different group of primordial follicles is activated each month
Controlled by hormones from the anterior pituitary
Is divided into:
Follicular phase (preovulatory phase)
Luteal phase (postovulatory phase)

Answer 8

Ovarian Cycle

Question 9

Ovarian Cycle is
Controlled by hormones from the____
Is divided into:

Answer 9

anterior pituitary
Is divided into:
Follicular phase (preovulatory phase)
Luteal phase (postovulatory phase)

Question 10

In____ the secondary oocyte and the contents of the follicle are released into the pelvic cavity. The oocyte is brought into the fallopian tube in hopes that fertilization will occur.

Answer 10

ovulation

Question 11

Secretes female sex hormones (estrogens, progestins)

Answer 11

ovaries

Question 12

Primary oocyte and follicle cells form to

Answer 12

primordial follicle

Question 13

The thickest portion of the uterine wall
Constitutes almost 90% of the mass of the uterus
Arranged into longitudinal, circular, and oblique layers
Provides force to move fetus out of uterus into vagina during birth

Answer 13

myometrium

Question 14

Is an Outermost serous membrane continuous with peritoneal lining
Covers fundus and posterior surface of uterine body and isthmu

Answer 14

perimetrium

Question 15

hormones that Causes uterine glands, blood vessels, and epithelium to change with phases of monthly uterine cycle

Answer 15

Estrogen and Progesterone

Question 16

Two Divisions of Endometrium

Answer 16

The functional zone

The basilar zone

Question 17

what zone:
Layer closest to uterine cavity

Contains most of the uterine glands

Contributes most of endometrial thickness

Undergoes dramatic changes in thickness and structure during menstrual cycle

Answer 17

The functional zone

Question 18

Deeper zone
Attaches endometrium to myometrium
Contains terminal branches of tubular endometrial glands

Answer 18

basilar zone

Question 19

The Uterine Cycle is also called

Answer 19

(Menstrual Cycle)

Question 20

Is a repeating series of changes in endometrium
Changes occur in functional zone
Basilar zone remains mostly unchanged
Lasts from 21 to 35 days (Average 28 days)
Caused by hormones produced during ovarian cycle (estrogen and progesterone)
Menses and proliferative phase occur during ovarian follicular phase
Secretory phase occurs during ovarian luteal phase

Answer 20

Uterine Cycle (Menstrual Cycle)

Question 21

Menses and proliferative phase occur during ___ ___ ____

Answer 21

ovarian follicular phase

Question 22

Secretory phase occurs during___ ___ ____

Answer 22

ovarian luteal phase

Question 23

_____ occur during ovarian follicular phase

Answer 23

Menses and proliferative phase

Question 24

occurs during ovarian luteal phase

Answer 24

Secretory phase occurs during ovarian luteal phase

Question 25

Is the degeneration of functional zone (occurs when estrogen and progesterone levels decrease) Is caused by constriction of spiral arteries Reduces blood flow, oxygen, and nutrients Weakened arterial walls rupture, releasing blood into connective tissues of functional zone Degenerating tissues break away, enter uterine cavity Entire functional zone is lost through vagina Only functional zone is affected

Answer 25

Menses

Question 26

during menses, does the Entire functional zone is lost through vagina? is Only functional zone is affected?

Answer 26

yes

Question 27

a phase where, epithelial cells of the uterine glands multiply and spread across the endometrial surface. They restore the epithelium of the uterus which remember has just been shed completely. The area continue to proliferate until the functional zone is completely restored. This is all occurring at the same time as the enlargement of the primary and secondary follicles in the ovary.

Answer 27

Proliferative Phase

Question 28

a phase when The estrogen levels rise throughout this period. The rising estrogen is what stimulates the proliferation of the endometrium. This is very logical. The egg is developing in the ovary, and is ensuring that the uterus prepares to receive it after it is fertilized. The entire functional zone is highly vascularized. The large arteries in the myometrium split to form smaller arteries that spiral towards the inner surface of the uterus.

Answer 28

proliferative phase

Question 28

The Proliferative Phase Is stimulated and sustained by _______secreted by developing ovarian follicles

Answer 28

estrogen

Question 29

During this phase, the endometrial glands enlarge and increase their rate of secretion. The arteries of the uterine wall elongate and spiral through the functional zone even more than they did in the proliferative phase. There is very extensive vessel growth in this phase. the uterus further preparing to accept and nourish an embryo. When the corpus luteum stops producing progesterone, the uterus knows that fertilization didn’t occur and this phase ends.

Answer 29

secretory phase

Question 30

The drop in hormones leads back to the first phase again, which was menses

Question 31

the functional zone is much thicker and that the glands are very large and numerous. The purpose is to prepare the uterus to accept the egg if it gets fertilized. A fertilized egg will implant into the lining of the uterus. A thick, vascular, soft endometrium accepts the fertilized egg better.

Answer 31

secretory phase

Question 32

The first uterine cycle Begins at puberty (age 11–12)

Answer 32

Menarche

Question 33

The termination of uterine cycles Age 45–55

Answer 33

Menopause

Question 34

is a lack of menses or a lack of a menstrual cycle.

Answer 34

Amenorrhea

Question 35

is a failure to initiate menses. This would be the diagnosis in a patient that has never had a menstrual cycle even though they are well past the age for typical menarche.

Answer 35

Primary amenorrhea

Question 36

can be caused by various physical or emotional stresses. A couple very common physical causes have to do with the makeup of the body tissues and an overall lack of adipose or fat tissue. Inadequate nutrition, Very low weight and low body fat as is seen in anorexia is very often associated with lack of a menstrual cycle. Intense physical exercise and high muscle mass as seen in professional athletes is another cause. The reasons here have to do with hormonal imbalance. Fat tissue converts androgens to estrogens. A complete lack of adipose can lead to decreases in estrogens that interrupt menses.

Answer 36

secondary amenorrhea