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Histo Block 5 > Male Reproductive > Flashcards

Male Reproductive Flashcards

1
Q

Path of spermatozoon from seminiferous tubule to urethra?

A

Seminiferous tubule to straight tubule to rete testis to efferent ducts to duct of epididymis to vas deferens (which joins with seminal vesicle to form ejaculatory duct) to pass through prostate and out urethra

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2
Q

Where does sperm mature?

A

duct of the epididymis

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3
Q

Where are intersititial cells of Leydig found?

A

in the connective tissue between seminiferous tubules

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4
Q

Function of cells of Leydig?

A

secrete testosterone

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5
Q

Describe appearance of Sertoli cells.

A

Large cells that extend from the basement membrane to the lumen. They have a large oval or triangular nucleus and a prominent nucleolus

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6
Q

Functions of Sertoli cells?

A

exchange metabolic substrates and removal of waste for developing gametes, phagocytize abnormal germ cells & residual bodies, secrete fluid that aids movement of maturing sperm, secrete androgen-binding protein, secrete inhibin, maintain blood-testis barrier

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7
Q

Function of androgen-binding protein?

A

binds testosterone and increases its concentration in the lumen of seminiferous tubules

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8
Q

Function of inhibin?

A

inhibit FSH from pituitary

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9
Q

Spermatogenesis order?

A

Spermatogonia (stem cell) to primary spermatocytes to secondary spermatocytes to early spermatids to late spermatids

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10
Q

How long does process of spermiogenesis take?

A

74 days

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11
Q

Function of acrosome?

A

contains enzymes to degrade zona pellucida so DNA can be delivered to the ovum

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12
Q

How long can sperm live in the excurrent duct system?

A

several weeks (~6 weeks)

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13
Q

How long can sperm live in the female reproductive tract?

A

2-3 days

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14
Q

What forms the blood-testis barrier?

A

tight junctions between adjacent Sertoli cells

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15
Q

What does the basal epithelial compartment of the blood-testis barrier contain?

A

spermatogonia and early primary spermatocytes

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16
Q

What does the luminal compartment of the blood-testis barrier contain?

A

later primary spermatocytes and all further stages of spermatogenesis

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17
Q

What is the purpose of the blood-testis barrier?

A

to create a special physiological environment for the developing sperm

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18
Q

What is one consequence of the blood-testis barrier?

A

developing sperm are isolated from the immune system

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19
Q

What can occur in the absence of the blood-testis barrier?

A

you might develop antibodies against your own sperm, producing infertility

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20
Q

What types of cells line straight tubules?

A

Sertoli cells

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21
Q

What epithelium lines the rete testis?

A

simple cuboidal epithelium each bearing one cilium

22
Q

What epithelium lines efferent ducts?

A

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

23
Q

What is located under the epithelium of efferent ducts?

A

a few layers of circular smooth muscle

24
Q

What is stored at the terminal end of the duct of the epididymis?

A

mature sperm

25
Q

What is the function of the circular smooth muscle under the epithelium of the duct of the epididymis?

A

aids sperm movement through the duct by peristalsis

26
Q

What are the functions of the epididymal duct?

A

The epithelial cells reabsorb the remaining fluid made in the seminiferous tubules, phagocytize any remaining residual bodies and degenerating sperm, and produce secretions which aid sperm maturation

27
Q

What occurs to sperm during their 6 week trip through the epididymal duct?

A

they acquire the latent ability to move and acquire the ability to fertilize an egg (however this is blocked until reaching the female reproductive tract)

28
Q

What is the reservoir for mature sperm?

A

the terminal portion of the epididymal duct

29
Q

Explain the structure of the vas deferens.

A

Pseudostratified STEREOciliated columnar epithelium above 3 thick smooth muscle layers (inner longitudinal, middle circular, outer longitudinal)

30
Q

What epithelium lines the duct of the epididymis?

A

pseudostratified STEREOciliated columnar

31
Q

Function of the muscle layers of the vas deferens?

A

forceful transport of the sperm during ejaculation

32
Q

What is the function of the seminal vesicle?

A

deliver an alkaline, fructose-rich, viscous secretion into the ejaculatory duct; also secretes a substance that makes semen clot

33
Q

What is the main metabolic substrate for sperm?

A

Fructose (used to make ATP)

34
Q

What is significant about fructose being alkaline?

A

It makes semen slightly alkaline to neutralize the acidity of the male urethra and the vagina

35
Q

How can you histologically identify the prostate gland?

A

It has prostatic concretions that accumulate with age

36
Q

Functions of the prostate?

A

Produces citric acid used by sperm to make ATP, produces many enzymes (fibrinolysin, PSA) that lyse clotted semen

37
Q

How much semen is ejaculated?

A

2-5 ml

38
Q

How many sperm per milliliter?

A

50-130 million

39
Q

Composition of semen?

A

fructose, prostaglandins, relaxin, alkaline chemicals, seminal plasmin, fibrinogen, fibrinolysin

40
Q

Function of fructose in semen?

A

cellular fuel

41
Q

Function of prostaglandins in semen?

A

decrease viscosity of mucus of cervix and reverses peristalsis in uterus

42
Q

Function of relaxin in semen?

A

enhances sperm motility

43
Q

Function of alkaline chemicals in semen?

A

neutralizes acidic vagina

44
Q

Function of seminal plasmin in semen?

A

bacteriostatic agent

45
Q

Function of fibrinogen in semen?

A

clots/coagulates sperm

46
Q

Function of fibrinolysis in semen?

A

liquifies sperm

47
Q

Path of blood flow in the flaccid penis?

A

dorsal artery to all tissues including vascular spaces of erectile bodies to venules of erectile bodies and out of the penis

48
Q

What keeps branches of the deep artery closed in the flaccid state?

A

tonic contraction of smooth muscle

49
Q

Path of blood flow in the erect penis?

A

blood flows rapidly through deep arteries into helicine arterioles and into the erectile bodies; venules on the periphery get compressed against the tunica albuginea in the corpora cavernosa primarily and also corpus spongiosum and the penis becomes erect

50
Q

What causes relaxation of smooth muscle in the erectile trabeculi and walls of helicine arterioles during erection?

A

parasympathetic stimulation causes acetylcholine release which stimulates endothelial cells to release nitric oxide which stimulates smooth muscle cells to produce cGMP thus relaxing smooth muscle cells

51
Q

How does viagra work?

A

It inhibits phosphodiesterase (enzyme that degrades cGMP)

Histo Block 5 (3 decks)

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