MALE REPRODUCTIVE: 111, 112, 113

Question 1

what structures does the spermatic cord contains?

Answer 1

-ductus deferens + artery and vein associated
-testicular artery
-pampiniform plexus
-lymphatic vessels
-nerves
-cremaster muscle

Question 2

vascular supply to the testes

Answer 2

ARTERY: testicular artery and ductus deferens arteries to testie and epidydimis. L and R testicular artery arise from ventral aorta ventral to 4th lumbar vertebra.

VEINS: right testicular vein drains CVC, left into left renal vein

Question 3

name the 3 different cell types of the testis and their function

Answer 3

• spermatogenic: produce spermatovytes
  -sertoli: development+maturation spermatozoa, control release into lumen
  -leydig: producing testosterone

Question 4

name externally to internally all the outer layer ot the scrotum-testis

Answer 4

1) skin + tunica dartos
2) ext spermatic fascia
3) int spermatic fascia
4) parietal vaginal tunic
5) vaginal cavity
6) visceral vaginal tunic
7) tonaca albuginea

Question 5

how to differentiate an anorchid or bilateral cryptorchid dog from a castrated dog

Answer 5

testosterone: after hCG administration males with testicles have a rapid rise in testosterone levels.

Question 6

time to testicles descending

Answer 6

30-40 days (beagle study). there might be some delays, so definitive diagnosis at 6 months

Question 7

reported % of criptorchid testis neoplasia

Answer 7

9,2% 10,9%, 13,6%

Question 8

what tumor might present a feminilization syndrome in dog

Answer 8

most commonly sertoli (16-39%) but occasionally also interstitial cell tumor and leydig

Question 9

describe the physiopatological mechanism behind feminization syndrome

Answer 9

estrogen concentration are NON elevated. but there is a decrease in testosterone, LH and FSH. so it is tought to be related to decrease in estradiol/testosterone ratio.

Question 10

does castration reduce the risk for prostatic cancer? why?

Answer 10

no because most of the prostatic tumors are not androgen dependent

Question 11

in comparison to srotal or prescrotal orchiectomy, what of the 2 develop more post-op licking and self traumatizing?

Answer 11

1.9 more frequent self traumatizing in pre-scrotal castration

Question 12

why you shouldn’t use a small incision+spay hook during abdominal cryptorchid orchiectomy?

Answer 12

reported case of partial prostatic, ureteral and urethral avulsion

Question 13

what drugs could be used in greyhounds that are prone to post-op hemorrage due to enhanced fibrinolysis?

Answer 13

aminocaproic acid

Question 14

anatomy of corpus spongiosum and caveronsum

Answer 14

-corpus spongiusum originate from pelvic cavity, is around the urethra.

-corpus cavernosum arise from ishial tuberosity and continue dorso laterally to the os penis and body of the penis

Question 15

name the 4 muscles of the penis

Answer 15

-bulbospongiosus
-retractor penis
-ischiouretralis
-ischiocavernosus

Question 16

most common breed associated with hypospadia

Answer 16

boston terrier

Question 17

vascularization of the prostate gland

Answer 17

ARTERIES: from internal pudendal or more proximally from umbilical arteries at level S2-S3. divides in cranial middle and caudal.

VIEINS: collaterals

Question 18

prostatic innervation

Answer 18

pelvic nerves (parasympatethic)

hypogastruc nerves (sympatethic)

they join to form the pelvic plexus

ANATOMY: dorsal to the prostate gland

Question 19

in prostatic hyperplasia, is prostatic enlargment associated with increased quantity of dihydrotestosterone?

Answer 19

no, it is associated to a increased number of receptors for dihydrotestosterone. it is tought that at the base of the augmented dimensions, there is not an increased cell proliferation but instead a decreased cell mortality

Question 20

mineralization on RX of the prostate gland could be associated with neoplastic desease?

Answer 20

yes. in intact dogs could also be aspecific. in castrated dogs is likely to be associated with neoplastic desease.

Question 21

mosto common implicated organism in prostatic infection

Answer 21

E. Coli

Question 22

metastases rates in prostatic cancer

Answer 22

80% metastases (LN, lungs, skeletal). up to 20% axial skeletal metastases

Question 23

what region in prostatic surgery should be avoided to not damage nerves or vascular supply?

Answer 23

dorsal region

Question 24

name 4 surgical option for the treatement of prostatic abscessation

Answer 24

• marsupialization
• ventral drainage (passive or active)
• omentalization
• partial prostatectomy