Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pathopharm I > Male Reproductive > Flashcards

Male Reproductive Flashcards

1
Q

Testicular cancer risk factors

A

Family history
Caucasian
Cryptorchidism
HIV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Cryptorchidism

A

One or both testes fail to descend from the abdomen to the scrotum
If note corrected by 12 or never corrected 2-6x more likely to develop testicular cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Seminomas (germ cell tumor—testicular cancer)

A

Arise from immature germ cells
Slow-growing
Non-aggressive
Easily cured with radiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Nonseminomas (germ cell tumor—testicular cancer)

A

Arise from mature germ cells
More aggressive
Usually treated with surgery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Testicular cancer early symptoms

A

Enlargement of testicle
Painless mass
If discomfort present: ache in groin, scrotal heaviness

High survival rate if detected early

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Testicular cancer late symptoms

A

Frank pain with rapid growth
Hemorrhage
Symptoms based on metastasis: cough, hemoptysis, leg swelling, back pain, dizziness

Treated with chemo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Prostate

A

Gland surround the urethra
Produces seminal fluids that contribute to ejaculate volume
4-20 g

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

BPH

A

Prostate can be 50-80g
Nonmalignant enlargement of prostate
Overgrowth of epithelial, smooth muscle, or stromal cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Prostate—overgrowth of epithelial cells

A

Causes MECHANICAL obstruction of urethra

Treat with finasteride, dutasteride

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Prostate—overgrowth of smooth muscle cells

A

Causes DYNAMIC obstruction of urethra

Treat with tamsulosin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

BPH risk factors

A

Age
Family history
Race/ethnicity (highest in African Americans; lowest in Japanese)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

BPH etiology theories

A

Hormone imbalance

DHT accumulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

BPH theory—hormone imbalance

A

Testosterone decreases with age but estrogen levels don’t creating a hormonal imbalance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

BPH theory—DHT accumulation

A

5-alpha-reductase converts testosterone to DHT

High levels of DHT accumulate growth factors which cause acne, hair on chest (not scalp), growth of prostate cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

BPH symptoms

A 
Urinary frequency
Urinary urgency
Delay in initiation 
Reduction in form—weak urine stream
Increased urination time
Dribbling
Inability to completely empty bladder
UTI
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

BPH complications

A

Obstructive nephropathy
Bladder stones
UTI
Kidney issues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

BPH treatment by stage

A

Mild: watchful waiting
Moderate: pharm
Severe: surgery, microwave options

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

finasteride

A

5-alpha-reductase inhibitor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

finasteride indication

A

Mechanical obstruction of urethra—increased epithelial cells in prostate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

finasteride MOA

A

Inhibits 5-alpha-reductive from converting testosterone to DHT
By blocking conversion of testosterone to DHT finasteride decreases epithelial tissue in the prostate which prevents mechanical obstruction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

DHT

A

More potent form of testosterone

Principal hormone responsible for stimulating prostate growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Prostate size and finasteride

A

finasteride works best in very enlarged prostates with much epithelial tissue; will not work well with smaller prostates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Overall blood testosterone and finasteride

A

finasteride reduces DHT in blood but does NOT decrease overall circulating testosterone

24
Q

When will patients see results with finasteride?

A

6-12 months

25
Q

finasteride SE

A

Impotence
Decreased libido
Gynecomastia
Increased hair growth

26
Q

PSA and finasteride

A

finasteride decreases PSA levels
Must measure PSA levels prior to/6months after starting
If PSA not decreasing may need evaluation for prostate cancer

27
Q

finasteride miscellaneous

A

Used to treat male-pattern baldness
Teratogenic—pregnant woman should not handle
Men on finasteride cannot donate blood

28
Q

dutasteride

A

5-alpha reductase inhibitor

29
Q

dutasteride indication

A

Mechanical obstruction of urethra (like finasteride)

30
Q

dutasteride MOA

A

Blocks conversion of testosterone to DHT, thereby decreasing epithelial tissue in prostate

31
Q

dutasteride SE

A

Impotence
Decreased libido
Increased hair growth
Gynecomastia

32
Q

tamsulosin class

A

Alpha-1-adrenergic antagonist

33
Q

tamsulosin MOA

A

Rapidly relaxes smooth muscle cells in the bladder, prostate, and urethra
Selective for alpha receptors in the prostate (no systemic effect)

34
Q

tamsulosin indication

A

Dynamic obstruction of urethra (smooth muscle overgrowth)

35
Q

tamsulosin and PSA

A

tamsulosin does NOT reduce PSA levels

36
Q

When will patient see results with tamsulosin?

A

Immediately

37
Q

BPH combination therapy

A

Jalyn (dutasteride + tamsulosin)

38
Q

Prostate cancer

A

Most common male cancer in US

39
Q

Prostate cancer risk factors

A 
Age >50
Family history
High fat diet
Altering sex hormone production
Race (greatest in Blacks, lowest in Asians/Natives)
40
Q

Prostate cancer early symptoms

A

Asymptomatic

41
Q

Prostate cancer late symptoms

A

BPH type presentation

Metastasis (bone pain if metastasis to bone; cough/hemoptysis if metastasis to lungs)

42
Q

Prostate cancer treatment

A

No medications

Surgery, chemo, or radiation

43
Q

PSA vs. DRE

A

PSA can detect cancer 5-15 years before DRE

If high risk for prostate cancer may need PSA but if low risk DRE will suffice

44
Q

Erectile dysfunction

A

Impotence

45
Q

Primary ED

A

Rare

Life-long inability to have an erection due to psychiatric issues, early vascular trauma

46
Q

Secondary ED

A

Most common

ED in someone with a history of normal erections

47
Q

Organic causes of secondary ED

A

PVD (arterial insufficiency, excessive venous drainage, sedentary lifestyle)
Medications (antidepressants, BP meds)
Endocrine issues
Trauma, surgery (radical prostastectomy )

48
Q

Psychogenic causes of secondary ED

A

Depression
Low desire
Performance anxiety
Strained relationship

49
Q

Erection physiology

A

Sexual arousal-increased PNS/increased NO release-cGMP activation-arterial/smooth muscle relaxation-increased inflow/reduced outflow-erection

50
Q

PDE-5

A

Removes cGMP needed for erection

51
Q

sildenafil class

A

PDE-5 inhibitor

52
Q

sildenafil MOA

A

Inhibits PDE-5 which increases/preserves cGMP

Only enhances the normal response to sexual stimuli
Does not cause erection immediately
no effect on erection quality/men w/o ED

53
Q

sildenafil indications

A

ED
Pulmonary/arterial HTN
BPH

54
Q

sildenafil timing

A

Can take up to 4 hours before sexual activity

Onset 30-60 min

55
Q

sildenafil SE

A

Headache
Flushing
Dyspepsia
Hypotension

56
Q

sildenafil and safety

A

Contraindicated if history of CVD
Don’t take with nitrates due to significant hypotension
Call 911 if chest pain/MI symptoms during sex
Sudden loss of vision/hearing
Don’t take more than once a day
Priapism is a medical emergency

57
Q

Priapism

A

Painful erection
Erection > 4hr
Medical emergency

Pathopharm I (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions