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Pathopharm I > Blood Cell Components/WBC Disorders > Flashcards

Blood Cell Components/WBC Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Infectious mononucleosis

A

Infection of B-lymphocytes; atypical lymphocytes proliferate

Cause: Epstein-Barr virus

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2
Q

Infectious mononucleosis

A 
Lymphadenopathy
Hepatitis
Splenomegaly
Fatigue, fevers, body aches, lethargy
Leukocytosis(95% lymphocytes)
Symptomatic/supportive treatment
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3
Q

Myelodysplastic syndrome

A

Group of related hematologic disorders characterized by a change in the quantity/quality of bone marrow elements

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4
Q

Myelodysplastic syndrome

A

Cytopenia
Anemia
Infection
Spontaneous bleeding/bruising

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5
Q

Myelodysplastic syndrome diagnostics

A

Lab and bone marrow biopsy

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6
Q

Myelodysplastic syndrome treatment

A 
Depends on disease severity:
Supportive
Granulocyte colony stimulating factor
Erythropoietin 
Chemotherapy
Bone marrow transplant
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7
Q

Leukemia

A

Malignant neoplasms of cells originally derived from a single hematopoietic cell line

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8
Q

Leukemia cells

A 
Immature
Unregulated/undiffferentiated
Proliferate in bone marrow
Circulate in blood
Infiltrate the spleen and lymph nodes
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9
Q

Leukemia pathogenesis

A

Leukemia cells are:
An immature type of WBC
Capable of increased proliferation
Incapable of functioning as mature WBCs—cannot phagocytize
Interfere with maturation of normal bone marrow cells including RBCs and platelets

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10
Q

Acute leukemia

A

Sudden onset
S/S related to decreased mature WBCs, immature WBCs, decreased RBCs, decreased platelets
Diagnosis by blood/bone marrow tissue analysis

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11
Q

Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)

A

80% childhood acute leukemia

72% 5-year survival rate

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12
Q

Acute myelocytic leukemia (AML)

A

Mostly an adult disease

29% 5-year survival rate

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13
Q

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)

A

Primarily in older adults
88% 5-year survival rate
Relatively mature lymphocytes that are immunologically incompetent
S/S: fatigue, weight loss, anorexia, infections

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14
Q

Chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML)

A

Affects adults and children
70% 5-year survival rate
Leukocytosis with immature cell types (presents with increased granulocyte count)
S?S: fatigue, weight loss, diaphoresis, bleeding, abdominal discomfort

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15
Q

Chronic leukemia

A

More insidious onset
May be discovered during routine bloodwork
CLL, CML

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16
Q

Leukemia treatment

A

Goal: attain remission
Cytotoxic chemotherapy
Stem cell transplant: allogeneic (volunteer donor), syngeneic (identical twin), autologous (patient’s)
Risks: infection, rejection, relapse

17
Q

Hodgkin disease

A

Characterized by painless, progressive enlargement of a single or group of nodes usually in the neck area
Distinctive tumor cell found with biopsy: Reed Sternberg cell
Diagnosis by: peripheral blood analysis, lymph node biopsy, bone marrow exam, radiology (CT, MRI, PET)
Etiology: unknown
Interacting factors: Epstein Barr virus, genetics, toxin exposure

18
Q

Hodgkin’s lymphoma S/S

A

Insidious onset
Painless enlarged lymph nodes
Nonspecific symptoms: fever, weight loss, malaise, night sweats

19
Q

Hodgkins treatment

A

Chemotherapy
Radiation
Stem cell transplant

20
Q

Nonhodgkins lymphoma

A

Unlike Hodgkins, spreads early to liver, spleen, and bone marrow
Characterized by painless, superficial lymphadenopathy
Etiology: unknown
Majority of patients have widely spread disease at the time of diagnosis

21
Q

Nonhodgkins lymphoma

A

S/S: painless, enlarged lymph nodes; nonspecific symptoms like weight loss and fever
Treatment: chemotherapy, radiation, refractory cases—stem cell transplant

22
Q

Multiple myeloma

A

B-cell (plasma cell) cancer
Atypical proliferation of immunoglobulin M protein—a monoclonal antibody (leads to increased osteoclasts)
Symptoms: bone pain, fractures, impaired RBC/WBC production, slow/insidious bone pain, hypercalcemia
Men and African Americans at greater risk
Etiology unknown

23
Q

Multiple myeloma diagnostics

A 
Monoclonal antibody protein in serum and urine
Pancytopenia
Hypercalcemia
Bence Jones proteins in urine
Elevated creatinine 
X-ray showing osteopathic lesions
24
Q

Multiple myeloma treatment

A 
Observation
Corticosteroids
Chemotherapy
Biological therapy
Stem cell transplant
Biphosphonates (helps strengthen bones)
Hydration
25
Q

Red cell count

A

Number of RBCs in blood

26
Q

Mean corpuscle volume

A

Size of erythrocytes

27
Q

Mean corpuscle hemoglobin

A

Amount of hemoglobin in erythrocyte by weight

28
Q

Increased % of one WBC means a decreased % of another WBC

A

Percentage may change

Absolute number of second type unchanged

Pathopharm I (10 decks)

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