Male Reproduction

Question 1

Testosterone fxns?

Answer 1

1) reg sperm gen
2) reg hypothal-pit-testes axis
3) 2º characteristics

Question 2

Purpose of testes?

Answer 2

produce sperm

secrete testost

Question 3

Accessory sex glands include?

Purpose?

Answer 3

seminal vesicles, prostate, bulbourethrals

secrete bulk of semen

Question 4

Male reproductive tract includes?

Answer 4

Epididymis
Ductus deferens
Ejac duct

Question 5

Testes descended by?

Answer 5

7th mo in utero

Question 6

Testes compartments? (2)

Answer 6

1) Seminiferous tubules

2) CT

Question 7

Seminiferous tubules purpose?

Made of what cell types? (2)

Answer 7

sperm gen

Germ cells
Sertoli cells

Question 8

Germ cells purpose?

Answer 8

produce spermatogonia

Question 9

Sertoli cells purpose? (5)

Answer 9

1) Form blood/testes barrier
2) Secrete antimull hormone, inhibin, androgen binding protein
3) Nourish germ cells
4) Secrete aqueous fluid to flush sperm
5) Phagocytize failed sperm

Question 10

CT in testes made of what cell type?

Purpose?

Answer 10

Leydig cells

secrete testost

Question 11

Spermatogenesis mediated by?

Takes how long?

Answer 11

testosterone

74 days

Question 12

Spermatogenesis stage 1?

Answer 12

Mitosis (proliferation):

daugh cells divide into 4 primary spermatocytes

Question 13

Spermatogenesis stage 2?

Answer 13

Meiosis (division):
Spermatocytes divide into spermatids

Yield of 16

Question 14

Spermatogenesis stage 3?

Answer 14

Spermiogenesis (packaging/maturation):
Spermatids into spermatozoa (mature sperm)

Elongation
Remodeling of nucleus
Chromatin condensed
Cytoplasm lost
Acrosome formed

Question 15

Spermiation is?

Answer 15

Spermatozoa moved from sertoli cells into tubule lumen ->
ducts into epididymis ->
myepith cell contraction moves into ductus deferens

Question 16

Spermatogenic Wave is?

Answer 16

Continuous cycle of sperm prdxn:
rate constant (hormones Ø ∆ rate)

Question 17

What hormones control sperm gen?

Answer 17

GnRH (pulsatile release)
FSH
LH

Question 18

FSH purpose?

Answer 18

Sensitizes sertoli cells to testost

Promotes secretion of Inhibin/ABP

Question 19

ABP purpose?

Answer 19

keep testost high in gonads

Question 20

LH purpose?

Answer 20

↑ cholesterol desmolase activity -> stim leyding cells -> testost prdxn

Question 21

FSH/LH regulated through?

Answer 21

neg feedback of testost and Inhibin

Question 22

Testosterone fxns before birth?

Answer 22

reproductive tract and external genitalia

Question 23

Testosterone sex-specific fxns after birth?

Answer 23

grow/matur reprod syst at puberty
maintain post puberty
sperm gen
gonadotropin secretion control

Question 24

Testosterone non-reprod fxns?

Answer 24

protein anabolics

bone growth and closes plates

Question 25

Testosterone produced by?

Answer 25

Leydig cells in testes

Question 26

Testosterone kept in tubules by?

Answer 26

ABP from sertoli cells

Question 27

Testosterone circulates in blood how?

Answer 27

w/ sex-hormone binding globulin

Question 28

Testosterone can be ∆d to what at target tissues?

Answer 28

DHT or estradiol

Question 29

Effects of steroid use?

Answer 29

↓ LH/FSH ↓ sperm gen ↑ free estrogen

Question 30

Androgen Deficiency in Aging Males (ADAM) presentation?

Answer 30

↓ bone, mm, libido ↓ hct ↑ facial hair ∆ appetite

Question 31

Semen prdxn in access organs?

Answer 31

seminal vesicle 60% prostate 20% bulbourethral 10%

Question 32

Excitation phase?

Answer 32

PNS arteriole dilation via NO/Ach ↓ venous outflow PNS stim bulbo for lube Sensations transmitted via pudendal nn to sacral plexis

Question 33

Plateau phase?

Answer 33

``` ↑ responses ANS activity (↑ HR/BP/resp/mm tension) ```

Question 34

Erection caused by?

Answer 34

PNS stim of S2-4 to penis | NO relaxes helicine aa -> allows blood to engorge

Question 35

Erectile tissues?

Answer 35

Corpora cavernosa w/ central aa | Corpus spongiosum

Question 36

Plateau phase female only?

Answer 36

More vasocongestion | Tenting of cervix

Question 37

Ejaculation caused by?

Answer 37

SNS stim of L1-2 Emission: fluid into urethra, smooth mm/access gland contraction Expulsion: full urethra stim skeletal mm at base

Question 38

Ejac pathway?

Answer 38

vas deferens -> ejac duct (ampula) -> urethra

Question 39

ED tx?

Answer 39

phosphodiesterase inhib -> ↑ NO relax of smooth mm prostaglandin injections

Question 40

Endocrine male contraceptives?

Answer 40

desotrogestrel/etonogestrel (synth progestin) + testost severe oligoazoospermia

Question 41

Intra Vas device?

Answer 41

silicone plug in vas def