Male Reproduction Flashcards
Testosterone fxns?
1) reg sperm gen
2) reg hypothal-pit-testes axis
3) 2º characteristics
Purpose of testes?
produce sperm
secrete testost
Accessory sex glands include?
Purpose?
seminal vesicles, prostate, bulbourethrals
secrete bulk of semen
Male reproductive tract includes?
Epididymis
Ductus deferens
Ejac duct
Testes descended by?
7th mo in utero
Testes compartments? (2)
1) Seminiferous tubules
2) CT
Seminiferous tubules purpose?
Made of what cell types? (2)
sperm gen
Germ cells
Sertoli cells
Germ cells purpose?
produce spermatogonia
Sertoli cells purpose? (5)
1) Form blood/testes barrier
2) Secrete antimull hormone, inhibin, androgen binding protein
3) Nourish germ cells
4) Secrete aqueous fluid to flush sperm
5) Phagocytize failed sperm
CT in testes made of what cell type?
Purpose?
Leydig cells
secrete testost
Spermatogenesis mediated by?
Takes how long?
testosterone
74 days
Spermatogenesis stage 1?
Mitosis (proliferation):
daugh cells divide into 4 primary spermatocytes
Spermatogenesis stage 2?
Meiosis (division):
Spermatocytes divide into spermatids
Yield of 16
Spermatogenesis stage 3?
Spermiogenesis (packaging/maturation):
Spermatids into spermatozoa (mature sperm)
Elongation Remodeling of nucleus Chromatin condensed Cytoplasm lost Acrosome formed
Spermiation is?
Spermatozoa moved from sertoli cells into tubule lumen ->
ducts into epididymis ->
myepith cell contraction moves into ductus deferens
Spermatogenic Wave is?
Continuous cycle of sperm prdxn: rate constant (hormones Ø ∆ rate)
What hormones control sperm gen?
GnRH (pulsatile release)
FSH
LH
FSH purpose?
Sensitizes sertoli cells to testost
Promotes secretion of Inhibin/ABP
ABP purpose?
keep testost high in gonads
LH purpose?
↑ cholesterol desmolase activity -> stim leyding cells -> testost prdxn
FSH/LH regulated through?
neg feedback of testost and Inhibin
Testosterone fxns before birth?
reproductive tract and external genitalia
Testosterone sex-specific fxns after birth?
grow/matur reprod syst at puberty
maintain post puberty
sperm gen
gonadotropin secretion control
Testosterone non-reprod fxns?
protein anabolics
bone growth and closes plates
Testosterone produced by?
Leydig cells in testes
Testosterone kept in tubules by?
ABP from sertoli cells
Testosterone circulates in blood how?
w/ sex-hormone binding globulin
Testosterone can be ∆d to what at target tissues?
DHT or estradiol
Effects of steroid use?
↓ LH/FSH
↓ sperm gen
↑ free estrogen
Androgen Deficiency in Aging Males (ADAM) presentation?
↓ bone, mm, libido
↓ hct
↑ facial hair
∆ appetite
Semen prdxn in access organs?
seminal vesicle 60%
prostate 20%
bulbourethral 10%
Excitation phase?
PNS arteriole dilation via NO/Ach
↓ venous outflow
PNS stim bulbo for lube
Sensations transmitted via pudendal nn to sacral plexis
Plateau phase?
↑ responses ANS activity (↑ HR/BP/resp/mm tension)
Erection caused by?
PNS stim of S2-4 to penis
NO relaxes helicine aa -> allows blood to engorge
Erectile tissues?
Corpora cavernosa w/ central aa
Corpus spongiosum
Plateau phase female only?
More vasocongestion
Tenting of cervix
Ejaculation caused by?
SNS stim of L1-2
Emission: fluid into urethra, smooth mm/access gland contraction
Expulsion: full urethra stim skeletal mm at base
Ejac pathway?
vas deferens -> ejac duct (ampula) -> urethra
ED tx?
phosphodiesterase inhib -> ↑ NO relax of smooth mm
prostaglandin injections
Endocrine male contraceptives?
desotrogestrel/etonogestrel (synth progestin) + testost
severe oligoazoospermia
Intra Vas device?
silicone plug in vas def
