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Q3 Physio II Final > Male Reproduction > Flashcards

Male Reproduction Flashcards

1
Q

Testosterone fxns?

A

1) reg sperm gen
2) reg hypothal-pit-testes axis
3) 2º characteristics

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2
Q

Purpose of testes?

A

produce sperm

secrete testost

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3
Q

Accessory sex glands include?

Purpose?

A

seminal vesicles, prostate, bulbourethrals

secrete bulk of semen

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4
Q

Male reproductive tract includes?

A

Epididymis
Ductus deferens
Ejac duct

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5
Q

Testes descended by?

A

7th mo in utero

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6
Q

Testes compartments? (2)

A

1) Seminiferous tubules

2) CT

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7
Q

Seminiferous tubules purpose?

Made of what cell types? (2)

A

sperm gen

Germ cells
Sertoli cells

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8
Q

Germ cells purpose?

A

produce spermatogonia

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9
Q

Sertoli cells purpose? (5)

A

1) Form blood/testes barrier
2) Secrete antimull hormone, inhibin, androgen binding protein
3) Nourish germ cells
4) Secrete aqueous fluid to flush sperm
5) Phagocytize failed sperm

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10
Q

CT in testes made of what cell type?

Purpose?

A

Leydig cells

secrete testost

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11
Q

Spermatogenesis mediated by?

Takes how long?

A

testosterone

74 days

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12
Q

Spermatogenesis stage 1?

A

Mitosis (proliferation):

daugh cells divide into 4 primary spermatocytes

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13
Q

Spermatogenesis stage 2?

A

Meiosis (division):
Spermatocytes divide into spermatids

Yield of 16

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14
Q

Spermatogenesis stage 3?

A

Spermiogenesis (packaging/maturation):
Spermatids into spermatozoa (mature sperm)

Elongation
Remodeling of nucleus
Chromatin condensed
Cytoplasm lost
Acrosome formed
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15
Q

Spermiation is?

A

Spermatozoa moved from sertoli cells into tubule lumen ->
ducts into epididymis ->
myepith cell contraction moves into ductus deferens

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16
Q

Spermatogenic Wave is?

A 
Continuous cycle of sperm prdxn:
rate constant (hormones Ø ∆ rate)
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17
Q

What hormones control sperm gen?

A

GnRH (pulsatile release)
FSH
LH

18
Q

FSH purpose?

A

Sensitizes sertoli cells to testost

Promotes secretion of Inhibin/ABP

19
Q

ABP purpose?

A

keep testost high in gonads

20
Q

LH purpose?

A

↑ cholesterol desmolase activity -> stim leyding cells -> testost prdxn

21
Q

FSH/LH regulated through?

A

neg feedback of testost and Inhibin

22
Q

Testosterone fxns before birth?

A

reproductive tract and external genitalia

23
Q

Testosterone sex-specific fxns after birth?

A

grow/matur reprod syst at puberty
maintain post puberty
sperm gen
gonadotropin secretion control

24
Q

Testosterone non-reprod fxns?

A

protein anabolics

bone growth and closes plates

25
Q

Testosterone produced by?

A

Leydig cells in testes

26
Q

Testosterone kept in tubules by?

A

ABP from sertoli cells

27
Q

Testosterone circulates in blood how?

A

w/ sex-hormone binding globulin

28
Q

Testosterone can be ∆d to what at target tissues?

A

DHT or estradiol

29
Q

Effects of steroid use?

A

↓ LH/FSH
↓ sperm gen
↑ free estrogen

30
Q

Androgen Deficiency in Aging Males (ADAM) presentation?

A

↓ bone, mm, libido
↓ hct
↑ facial hair
∆ appetite

31
Q

Semen prdxn in access organs?

A

seminal vesicle 60%
prostate 20%
bulbourethral 10%

32
Q

Excitation phase?

A

PNS arteriole dilation via NO/Ach
↓ venous outflow
PNS stim bulbo for lube
Sensations transmitted via pudendal nn to sacral plexis

33
Q

Plateau phase?

A 
↑ responses
ANS activity (↑ HR/BP/resp/mm tension)
34
Q

Erection caused by?

A

PNS stim of S2-4 to penis

NO relaxes helicine aa -> allows blood to engorge

35
Q

Erectile tissues?

A

Corpora cavernosa w/ central aa

Corpus spongiosum

36
Q

Plateau phase female only?

A

More vasocongestion

Tenting of cervix

37
Q

Ejaculation caused by?

A

SNS stim of L1-2

Emission: fluid into urethra, smooth mm/access gland contraction

Expulsion: full urethra stim skeletal mm at base

38
Q

Ejac pathway?

A

vas deferens -> ejac duct (ampula) -> urethra

39
Q

ED tx?

A

phosphodiesterase inhib -> ↑ NO relax of smooth mm

prostaglandin injections

40
Q

Endocrine male contraceptives?

A

desotrogestrel/etonogestrel (synth progestin) + testost

severe oligoazoospermia

41
Q

Intra Vas device?

A

silicone plug in vas def

Q3 Physio II Final (5 decks)

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