Male repro path (Dark)

Question 1

Structure

Answer 1

• Testicles
• Epididymis
• Scrotum
• Urethra
• Prostate
• Penis
• Perineum
• +/- bulbourethral gland

Question 2

Histology

Answer 2

• Seminiferous tubules
  
  • spermatids
  • sertoli cells
    
    • estrogens
• Interstitial (leydig) cells
  
  • produce testosterone

Question 3

Function of testicles

Answer 3

• Produce sperm
  
  • temperature dependent
  • species-specific timeframe
• Produce hormones

Question 4

Accessory glands

Answer 4

• Prostate gland
  
  • present in all male domestic mammals
• Seminal vesicles
  
  • important in bulls
  • absent in dogs
• Bulbourethral glands
  
  • absent in dogs

Question 5

Testicle pathology

Answer 5

• Hypoplasia
• Cryptorchidism
• Degeneration
• Inflammation
• Neoplasia

Question 6

Hypoplasia vs Degeneration

Answer 6

• Hypoplasia
  
  • regular circumference
  • regular sertoli cell lining
  • thickened but even basal lamina
  • no inflammation
  • no lipfuscin
• Degeneration
  
  • Irregular tubular circumferences
  • lack of tubular lining and collapse
  • thickened, wavy basal lamina
  • secondary inflammation
  • presence of lipofuscin in tubular cells

Question 7

Inflammation

Answer 7

• Periorchitis
  
  • Brucella
• Orchitis
• Sperm Granuloma

Question 8

Answer 8

• Brucella!
  
  • Causes periorchitis
  • Zoonotic

Question 9

Answer 9

• Sperm granulosa
  
  • immunologically privilaged
    
    • haploid, not diploid and rearranged compared to rest of the body’s genetic make up
  • If body gets access to sperm it may react

Question 10

Neoplasia

Answer 10

• Seminoma
• Sertoli cell tumor
• Interstitial cell tumor
• Teratoma
  
  • just like teratoma in ovary (2 germ cell layers)

Question 11

Answer 11

• Interstitial cell tumor
  
  • most common testicular tumor in dogs, cats, bulls
  • almost always benign
  • can produce estrogen
• Gross Morph typically
  
  • spherical
  • well demarcated
  • tan to orange
  • possible hemorrhages
  • generally firm-ish

Question 12

Answer 12

• Seminoma
• Gros morph usually
  
  • homogenous
  • pink/gray to white
  • softish
  • bulge when cut

Question 13

Answer 13

• Sertoli cell tumor
  
  • produce estrogen
• Gross morph typically
  
  • well circumscribed
  • firm, white, lobulated masses
    
    • more fibrous connective tissue
• Can metastasize to regional lymph nodes and other structures in region
  
  • not often
• CS
  
  • Males: gynecomastia, hair loss, attractive to male dogs, atrophy of contralateral testicle

Question 14

Answer 14

• Granuloma with a spermatocele
  
  • granuloma with accumulation of sperm
    
    • backup can cause fibrosis and disruption of testicle

Question 15

Scrotum pathology

Answer 15

• Frostbite
  
  • causes peripheral vasoconstriction
• Ergot
  
  • causes peripheral vasoconstriction
• Dermatitis

Question 16

Epidydimitis

Answer 16

• bacterial
• sperm granulomas
• etc….

Question 17

Prostate path

Answer 17

• Prostatitis
  
  • VERY PAINFUL
• Benign prostatic hyperplasia
  
  • most common
  • NON PAINFUL on palpation
  • SYMMETRICAL
• Prostatic carcinoma

Question 18

Answer 18

• Left: normal
• Right: benign prostatic hyperplasia

Question 19

Prostatic carcinoma

Answer 19

• Lumpier
• Usually from transitional cells from urothelium
• Can met
  
  • lymph nodes
  • spinal column
• CS
  
  • stranguria
  • problems with defectaion

Question 20

Penis and prepuce problems

Answer 20

• Developmental anomalies
  
  • persistent frenulum
  • hypospadias: Failure of urinary tract to develop
• Trauma
  
  • penile rupture (corpus cavernosu rupture)
• Inflammation
  
  • Habronema
• Neoplasia
  
  • Squamous cell carcinoma
  • fibropapilloma (viral ush)
  • TVT (Transmissible venereal tumor)

Question 21

Persistent frenulum