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3rd path test > Female repro path (Dark) > Flashcards

Female repro path (Dark) Flashcards

1
Q

Female tract

Major tissues

A
  • Ovary
  • Uterus/placenta
    • chorioallantois
    • amnion
    • umbilicus
  • Vagina and perineum
  • Mammary glands
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2
Q

Fetal development

ducts

A
  • Female
    • Mullerian paramesonephric
  • Male
    • Wolffian mesonephric
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3
Q

Factors determining sex

A
  • Number and type of sex chromosomes
  • Gonads
  • Sex hormones
  • Internal reproductive anatomy
  • External genitalia
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4
Q

Developmental abnormalities

A
  • Normal: XX; XY
  • Abnormal location or size of external genitalia
    • often indicates major underlying abnormality
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5
Q

Disorders of sexual development

A
  • Chromosomal abnormalities
    • Chimerism
    • Klinefelter’s syndrome (XXY)
    • Turner’s syndrome (X)
  • Other genetic abnormalities
    • Sex-determining Region Y (SRY)
    • Androgen insensitivity
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6
Q

Freemartinism

A
  • Female/male twins
  • Female becomes XX/XY chimera
  • Mullerian inhibiting factor prevents complete female differentiation
  • Generally testes, incomplete uterus, short vagina
    • short vagina due to inhibition of mullerian shtuff
  • Most common in cattle
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7
Q

Intersexes

A
  • Individual has characteristic elements of both sexes at the same time
  • Hermaphrodite
    • has both male and female genital features
    • has both ovarian and testicular tissue
    • usually a histological diagnosis
  • Pseudohermaphrodite
    • mismatch between gonads and genitals
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8
Q

Hormones

A
  • Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
    • from anterior pituitary
    • initiats growth of follicle (ova and support cells)
  • Luteinizing hormone (LH)
    • from anterior pituitary
    • stimulates follicular growth
    • rupture and formation of CL
  • Estrogen
    • from ovary
    • prepares uterus for pregnancy
    • causes secondary female sexual characteristics
  • Progesterone
    • From CL and placenta
    • Maintains pregnancy
  • Prostaglandins
    • many types
    • causes CL rupture, follicular rupture
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9
Q

Ovarian conditions

A
  • Developmental
  • Cysts
  • Neoplasia
  • Other
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10
Q

Ovarian developmental conditions

A
  • agenesis
  • duplication
  • hypoplasia
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11
Q

Ovarian Cysts

A
  • cystic epoophoron, cystic paroophoron
  • cystic rete ovarii
    • dogs
    • cats
    • cows
  • cysts of paramesonephric duct
    • horses
  • cystic SES
    • dogs
  • Germinal inclusion cysts
    • horses
  • cystic ovarian dz
    • ​cows
  • Luteinized cysts
    • cows
    • pigs

*most of these are incidental findings except the cystic ovarian dz

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12
Q

Ovarian Neoplasia

A
  • Granulosa cell tumor
  • Dysgerminoma
  • Teratoma
  • Papillary/cystic adenoma/adenocarcinoma
  • Lymphosarcoma
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13
Q

Granulosa (Theca) cell tumor

A
  • 80% of ovarian tumors in horses
  • Unilateral, large, cystic mass
  • Usually benign
  • Produce estrogen and inhibin
    • nymphomania
    • atrophy of contralateral ovary
    • cystic endometrial hyperplasia/pyometra
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14
Q

Dysgerminoma

A
  • Comparable to seminoma in testicle
  • Unilateral, smooth, soft
  • Dogs
    • 10-20% metastasize
  • Horses
    • more aggressive
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15
Q

Teratoma

A
  • Generally well-differentiated and benign
  • Have differentiation into two of three germ cell layers
    • ectoderm
    • mesoderm
    • endoderm
  • Frequently have
    • hair
    • teeth
    • lung tissue
    • fat
    • nerves
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16
Q

Ovarian Carcinoma/Adenocarcinoma

A
  • Rare in species other than dogs and people
  • Generally arises from SubEpithelialStructures (SES)
  • CEH commonly associated
  • Can cause ascites
  • Papillae indicate metastasis
    • via implantation
    • carcinomatosis
17
Q

Ovarian remnant sydrome

A

ovarian stump pyo

18
Q

Fallopian Tube Conditions

A
  • Hydrosalpinx
    • blockage results in fluid accumulation
  • Salpingitis
    • primary or secondary uterine dz
    • important
19
Q

Uterine structure

A
  • Uterine glands
  • Uterine stroma
  • Smooth muscle
20
Q

Uterine conditions

A
  • Developmental
    • segment aplasia
  • Inflammation
    • Endometritis
    • Commonly bacterial
      • campylobacter
      • tritrichomonas
      • taylorella
      • arcanobacter
      • ascending infections (open cervix)
  • Cystic endometrial hyperplasia
    • common prelude to other conditions
  • Neoplasia
    • uterine carcinoma
    • leiomyoma/leiomyosarcoma
  • Other
21
Q

Other uterine conditions

A
  • Uterine torsion
  • Uterine prolapse
  • Uterine rupture
  • Subinvolution of placental sites (SIPS)
  • Adenomyosis/endometriosis
22
Q

Adenomyosis and Endometriosis

A
  • Endometriosis: only primates
    • Implantation of active endometrial tissue elsewhere
  • Adenomyosis
    • Infiltration of myometrium by endometrial glands
23
Q

Fetal Structures

A
  • Amniotic sac
  • Chorioallantois
24
Q

Placenta

A
  • Varies between species
  • Several different classification schemes that are not mutually exclusive
    • Cotelydonary placenta
    • Diffuse placenta
    • Zonary placenta
    • Discoid placenta
25
Q

Fetal Anomalies

(Monsters)

A
  • Amorphus globosus
  • Schistosomus reflexus
  • Perosomus elumbis
  • Anasarca
  • Hydrocephalus
  • Arthrogryposis
  • Holoprosencephaly
26
Q

Fetal Lesions

A
  • Umbilical torsion
  • Fetal Death
  • Infections
    • mycotic placentitis
27
Q

In utero fetal death

A
  • Macerated fetus
  • Mummification
  • Resorption
  • Abortion and still birth
28
Q

Porcine parvovirus

SMEDI

A
  • S = stillborn
  • M = mummification
  • E = embryonic
  • D = death
  • I = infertility
29
Q

Bacterial infections

A
  • Pneumonia
  • Hepatitis
  • Placentitis
30
Q

External genitalia

A
  • Inflammation
  • Neoplasia
31
Q

Vulvovaginitis

Causes

A
  • Equine herpes virus 3
    • AKA: equine coital exanthema
  • Taylorella equigenitalis
    • FAD
    • purulent d/c from vagina
32
Q

Genital neoplasia

Examples

A
  • Polyps
  • Squamous cell carcinoma
    • vagina is lined by startified squamous epithelium
  • Transmissible veneral tumor
    • vagina/perineum in dogs
    • ddx for round cell tumor
33
Q

Mammary glands

A
  • lined by epithelium
  • modified sweat glands
34
Q

Mastitis

A
  • Gangrenous
    • coliform organisms
  • Purulent
    • e. coli
    • staph
    • strep
35
Q

Mammary neoplasia

A
  • related to hormonal influence
  • benign vs malignant
  • simple vs complex
  • mixed
  • The more reaction you have to a tumor, the worse the prognosis

*Dogs spayed before their first heat have 0.5% of intact risk

*Dogs spayed after first heat have 8% of intact risk

*Cats spayed before 6 months: 91% reduction

*Cats spayed before 1 year: 86% reduction

36
Q

Fibroadenomatous hyperplasia

A
  • In cats, looks awful, big, diffuse mammary enlargement with ulceration
  • usually regresses soon after ovariohysterectomy

3rd path test (4 decks)

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