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Repro Final > Male Repro Histo > Flashcards

Male Repro Histo Flashcards

1
Q

What is the role of the male reproductive system?

A
  • production, nourishment, and temporary storage of sperm

- synthesis and secretion of male sex hormones, androgens

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2
Q

What part of the male reproductive system produces sperm and androgens?

A

testes

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3
Q

What part of the male reproductive system transports sperm?

A

epididymis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct, urethra

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4
Q

What part of the male reproductive system produces semen and a sperm nutrient source?

A

seminal vesicle, prostate gland, bulbourethral gland

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5
Q

What part of the male reproductive system is a compulatory organ with erectile tissue?

A

penis

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6
Q

Testes

  • location
  • suspended by
  • surrounded by
  • thickens
A
  • paired organs located in the scrotum
  • posteriorly associated with the epididymis
  • suspended by spermatic cord
  • surrounded by dense CT capsule: tunica albuginea
  • thickens posteriorly forming mediastinum testes
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7
Q

What is tunica albuginea?

A

-thick dense CT capsule surrounding the testes

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8
Q

Do the testes have lobules?

A

yes, 250-300 created by septa

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9
Q

What is the tunica vaginalis?

A
  1. outer parietal layer lining the scrotum

2. inner visceral layer, covering the tunica albuginea

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10
Q

What is the tunica vaginalis derived from?

A

peritoneum

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11
Q

How many seminiferous tubules are contained in each testicular lobule?

A

1-4

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12
Q

What do seminiferous tubules contain?

A

seminiferous epithelium

  1. somatic sertoli cells
  2. spermatogenic cells
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13
Q

What are seminiferous tubules surrounded by?

A

CT and 3-5 layers of peritubular myloid cells

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14
Q

Where are interstitial cells of Leydig cells found?

A

in between seminiferous tubules

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15
Q

What cells make up seminiferous epithelium?

A

stratified epithelium with sertoli cells and spermatogenic cells

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16
Q

What are sertoli cells?

  • structure
  • hallmark

LO2

A

columnar cells with extensive processes that surround spermatogenic cells and occupy spaces between them

  • organize tubules and extend full thickness of epithelium
  • Hallmark: cyclops nucleus
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17
Q

What are spermatogenic cells?

A
  • replicate and differentiate into mature sperm
  • spermatogonia (most immature) rest on basal lamina
  • spermatids (most mature) are attached to apical portion of Sertoli cell, near tubule lumen
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18
Q

What is the Sertoli-Sertoli complex?

LO2

A

Sertoli cells bound to one another to create tight junctions (zonula occludens) that include more than 50 parallel fusion lines in the adjacent membranes
-divides teh seminferous epithelium into basal and luminal compartments

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19
Q

What is the blood-testis barrier?

A
  • Sertoli to Sertoli junctional complex
  • isolates haploid germ cells (secondary spermatocytes, spermatids, and sperm) from systemic circulation and immunue system
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20
Q

What is restricted to the basal compartment of the testes?

A

spermatogonia and early primary spermatocytes

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21
Q

What is restricted to the luminal side of testes?

A

mature spermatocytes and spermatids

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22
Q

Where do meiosis and spermiogenesis occur?

A

luminal compartment

23
Q

What are “nurse” cells?

LO2

A

Sertoli cells

  • function in exchange of substrates/wastes
  • phagocytose residual bodies (spermiogenesis) and spermatic cells that fail to differentiate
24
Q

Interstital cells of Leydig

  • location
  • close to
  • produce

LO2

A
  • in the intertubular space
  • close to blood vessels and lymph channels
  • steroid-producing cells: contain lipid droplets, mito wtih tubular cristae, and well-developed sER
  • produce 95% testosterone
25
Q

Type A spermatogonia

A 
clonally divide (mitosis)
-generates copies of itself and/or differentiates to Type B spermatogonia
26
Q

Type B spermatogonia

A
  • divide (mitosis) and cells immediately enter meiotic prophase as primary spermatocytes
  • ensures 2x DNA when starting meiotic prophase I
27
Q

Spermatocytes

  • what they undergo
  • where
A

2 meiotic divisions inside blood-testes barrier

  • primary spermatocytes –> secondary spermatocytes (2)
  • secondary spermatocytes –> spermatids (2)
28
Q

round early spermatids

A

housed in niches in cytoplasm of sertoli cells

29
Q

elongated late spermatids

A

housed in crypts, deep invaginations in sertoli apical cytoplasm

30
Q

What is spermiogenesis?

A

last step of spermatogenesis

-develop acrosome and tail and shape of nucleus

31
Q

What is spermiation?

A

release of mature spermatids

-intracellular bridges –> residual bodies –> lost and mature spermatids are separated

32
Q

golgi phase

A
  • hydrolytic enzymes are sorted from golgi to acrosomal vesicle
  • axoneme begins to assemble
33
Q

cap phase

A
  • acrosomal sac forms cap, attached to nuclear envelope

- spermatid rotates and axoneme orients toward basal lamina

34
Q

acrosomal phase

A
  • manchette involved in protein trafficking, develops from microtubules
  • axoneme extends and flagellum grows
35
Q

maturation phase

A
  • unneeded cytoplasm is shed as residual body and intercellular bridges are lost
  • mature but not yet functional sperm released
36
Q

sperm structure

A

-head and tail surrounded by plasma membrane

37
Q

describe sperm head

A
  • flattened condensed and elongated nucleus
  • partially capped by acrosome covering anterior 1/2 of nucleus
  • contains hydrolytic enzymes
38
Q

What are parts of spermatic tail?

A
  • middle piece
  • principal piece
  • end piece
39
Q

Describe the middle piece of the spermatic tail

A
  • helical mitochondrial sheath
  • axoneme
  • outer dense fibers surrounding the axoneme and projecting down the tail
40
Q

Describe the principal piece of the spermatic tail

A
  • longest
  • central axoneme surrounded by fibrous sheath
  • fibrous sheath provides scaffold during sliding/bending of tail during forward motility
41
Q

Describe the end piece of the spermatic tail

A

very short segment of the tail that only contains the axoneme

42
Q

sperm transport pathway

A 
seminiferous tubules
straight tubules
rete testis
efferent ductules
epididymal duct
ductus (vas) deferens
ejaculatory duct
43
Q

seminiferous tubules

  • location
  • epithelium
  • support tissues
  • function(s)
A
  • location - testicular lobules
  • epithelium - spermatogenic with sertoli cells and germ cells
  • support tissues - myoid cells and loose CT
  • function(s) - produce sperm
44
Q

straight tubules

  • location
  • epithelium
  • support tissues
  • function(s)
A
  • location - periphery of the mediastinum testes
  • epithelium - proximal: sertoli cells only; distal: simple cuboidal
  • support tissues - CT of mediastinum
  • function(s) - convey sperm to rete testis
45
Q

rete testis

  • location
  • epithelium
  • support tissues
  • function(s)
A
  • location - in mediastinum of testis
  • epithelium - simple cuboidal or low columnar
  • support tissues - dense irregular CT, highly vascular
  • function(s) - collects sperm from seminiferous tubules
46
Q

efferent ductules

  • location
  • epithelium
  • support tissues
  • function(s)
A
  • location - from rete testis to head of epididymis
  • epithelium - pseudostratified columnar, some have microvili
  • support tissues - fibromuscular with elastic fibers
  • function(s) - convey sperm to epididymis
47
Q

epididymal duct

  • location
  • epithelium
  • support tissues
  • function(s)
A
  • location - head, body, and tail of epididymis
  • epithelium - pseudostratified columnar with sterecilia
  • support tissues - head, body: circular smooth m; tail: outer circular layer and inner and outer longitudinal layer of smooth m
  • function(s) - sperm maturation and short term sperm storage; expels sperm at ejaculation
48
Q

vas deferens

  • location
  • epithelium
  • support tissues
  • function(s)
A
  • location - extends from epididymis to ejaculatory ducts in prostate gland
  • epithelium - pseudostratified columnar with stereocilia
  • support tissues - fibroelastic lamina propria, inner + middle circular + outer longitudinal layers of smooth m
  • function(s) - carries sperm from epididymis to ejaculatory ducts
49
Q

ejaculatory ducts

  • location
  • epithelium
  • support tissues
  • function(s)
A
  • location - ductus deferens and ducts of the seminal vesicles; located in prostate
  • epithelium - pseudostratified and simple columnar
  • support tissues - fibroelastic tissue and smooth muscle
  • function(s) - mix sperm and seminal fluid, deliver semen to urethra, prostatic secretion is added here
50
Q

epididymis

  • what is it
  • lining
  • cells
  • added function of sperm
  • storage
A
  • highly elongated and coiled duct (6 m in adult males) where sperm mature
  • lined with pseudostratified columnar with long and branched stereocilia
  • principal cells - columnar cells extending from lumen to basal lamina with sterocilia/stereovili
  • basal cells - associated with basal lamina, undifferentiated precursors of principal cells
  • sperm maturation acquiring forward motility
  • stored in terminal portion
51
Q

ductus deferens

  • length
  • lined
  • wall
  • support
A
  • 45 cm muscular tube
  • pseudostratified columnar epithelia
  • CT lamina propria with elastic fibers
  • muscular wall with inner and outer longitudinal layers + middle circular layer
  • external layer of loose CT and adipocytes
52
Q

What is the ampula of ductus deferens?

A

dilated portion that leads directly into prostate gland

-distal end receives the ducts of the seminal vesicle forming ejaculatory ducts

53
Q

What are accessory glands fo the male reproductive system?

A
  • seminal vesicles
  • prostate gland
  • bulbourethral glands
  • urethral glands

Repro Final (9 decks)

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