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Repro Final > Male Repro Histo > Flashcards

Male Repro Histo Flashcards

1
Q

What is the role of the male reproductive system?

A
  • production, nourishment, and temporary storage of sperm

- synthesis and secretion of male sex hormones, androgens

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2
Q

What part of the male reproductive system produces sperm and androgens?

A

testes

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3
Q

What part of the male reproductive system transports sperm?

A

epididymis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct, urethra

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4
Q

What part of the male reproductive system produces semen and a sperm nutrient source?

A

seminal vesicle, prostate gland, bulbourethral gland

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5
Q

What part of the male reproductive system is a compulatory organ with erectile tissue?

A

penis

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6
Q

Testes

  • location
  • suspended by
  • surrounded by
  • thickens
A
  • paired organs located in the scrotum
  • posteriorly associated with the epididymis
  • suspended by spermatic cord
  • surrounded by dense CT capsule: tunica albuginea
  • thickens posteriorly forming mediastinum testes
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7
Q

What is tunica albuginea?

A

-thick dense CT capsule surrounding the testes

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8
Q

Do the testes have lobules?

A

yes, 250-300 created by septa

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9
Q

What is the tunica vaginalis?

A
  1. outer parietal layer lining the scrotum

2. inner visceral layer, covering the tunica albuginea

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10
Q

What is the tunica vaginalis derived from?

A

peritoneum

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11
Q

How many seminiferous tubules are contained in each testicular lobule?

A

1-4

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12
Q

What do seminiferous tubules contain?

A

seminiferous epithelium

  1. somatic sertoli cells
  2. spermatogenic cells
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13
Q

What are seminiferous tubules surrounded by?

A

CT and 3-5 layers of peritubular myloid cells

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14
Q

Where are interstitial cells of Leydig cells found?

A

in between seminiferous tubules

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15
Q

What cells make up seminiferous epithelium?

A

stratified epithelium with sertoli cells and spermatogenic cells

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16
Q

What are sertoli cells?

  • structure
  • hallmark

LO2

A

columnar cells with extensive processes that surround spermatogenic cells and occupy spaces between them

  • organize tubules and extend full thickness of epithelium
  • Hallmark: cyclops nucleus
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17
Q

What are spermatogenic cells?

A
  • replicate and differentiate into mature sperm
  • spermatogonia (most immature) rest on basal lamina
  • spermatids (most mature) are attached to apical portion of Sertoli cell, near tubule lumen
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18
Q

What is the Sertoli-Sertoli complex?

LO2

A

Sertoli cells bound to one another to create tight junctions (zonula occludens) that include more than 50 parallel fusion lines in the adjacent membranes
-divides teh seminferous epithelium into basal and luminal compartments

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19
Q

What is the blood-testis barrier?

A
  • Sertoli to Sertoli junctional complex
  • isolates haploid germ cells (secondary spermatocytes, spermatids, and sperm) from systemic circulation and immunue system
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20
Q

What is restricted to the basal compartment of the testes?

A

spermatogonia and early primary spermatocytes

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21
Q

What is restricted to the luminal side of testes?

A

mature spermatocytes and spermatids

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22
Q

Where do meiosis and spermiogenesis occur?

A

luminal compartment

23
Q

What are “nurse” cells?

LO2

A

Sertoli cells

  • function in exchange of substrates/wastes
  • phagocytose residual bodies (spermiogenesis) and spermatic cells that fail to differentiate
24
Q

Interstital cells of Leydig

  • location
  • close to
  • produce

LO2

A
  • in the intertubular space
  • close to blood vessels and lymph channels
  • steroid-producing cells: contain lipid droplets, mito wtih tubular cristae, and well-developed sER
  • produce 95% testosterone
25
Type A spermatogonia
``` clonally divide (mitosis) -generates copies of itself and/or differentiates to Type B spermatogonia ```
26
Type B spermatogonia
- divide (mitosis) and cells immediately enter meiotic prophase as primary spermatocytes - ensures 2x DNA when starting meiotic prophase I
27
Spermatocytes - what they undergo - where
2 meiotic divisions inside blood-testes barrier - primary spermatocytes --> secondary spermatocytes (2) - secondary spermatocytes --> spermatids (2)
28
round early spermatids
housed in niches in cytoplasm of sertoli cells
29
elongated late spermatids
housed in crypts, deep invaginations in sertoli apical cytoplasm
30
What is spermiogenesis?
last step of spermatogenesis | -develop acrosome and tail and shape of nucleus
31
What is spermiation?
release of mature spermatids | -intracellular bridges --> residual bodies --> lost and mature spermatids are separated
32
golgi phase
- hydrolytic enzymes are sorted from golgi to acrosomal vesicle - axoneme begins to assemble
33
cap phase
- acrosomal sac forms cap, attached to nuclear envelope | - spermatid rotates and axoneme orients toward basal lamina
34
acrosomal phase
- manchette involved in protein trafficking, develops from microtubules - axoneme extends and flagellum grows
35
maturation phase
- unneeded cytoplasm is shed as residual body and intercellular bridges are lost - mature but not yet functional sperm released
36
sperm structure
-head and tail surrounded by plasma membrane
37
describe sperm head
- flattened condensed and elongated nucleus - partially capped by acrosome covering anterior 1/2 of nucleus - contains hydrolytic enzymes
38
What are parts of spermatic tail?
- middle piece - principal piece - end piece
39
Describe the middle piece of the spermatic tail
- helical mitochondrial sheath - axoneme - outer dense fibers surrounding the axoneme and projecting down the tail
40
Describe the principal piece of the spermatic tail
- longest - central axoneme surrounded by fibrous sheath - fibrous sheath provides scaffold during sliding/bending of tail during forward motility
41
Describe the end piece of the spermatic tail
very short segment of the tail that only contains the axoneme
42
sperm transport pathway
``` seminiferous tubules straight tubules rete testis efferent ductules epididymal duct ductus (vas) deferens ejaculatory duct ```
43
seminiferous tubules - location - epithelium - support tissues - function(s)
- location - testicular lobules - epithelium - spermatogenic with sertoli cells and germ cells - support tissues - myoid cells and loose CT - function(s) - produce sperm
44
straight tubules - location - epithelium - support tissues - function(s)
- location - periphery of the mediastinum testes - epithelium - proximal: sertoli cells only; distal: simple cuboidal - support tissues - CT of mediastinum - function(s) - convey sperm to rete testis
45
rete testis - location - epithelium - support tissues - function(s)
- location - in mediastinum of testis - epithelium - simple cuboidal or low columnar - support tissues - dense irregular CT, highly vascular - function(s) - collects sperm from seminiferous tubules
46
efferent ductules - location - epithelium - support tissues - function(s)
- location - from rete testis to head of epididymis - epithelium - pseudostratified columnar, some have microvili - support tissues - fibromuscular with elastic fibers - function(s) - convey sperm to epididymis
47
epididymal duct - location - epithelium - support tissues - function(s)
- location - head, body, and tail of epididymis - epithelium - pseudostratified columnar with sterecilia - support tissues - head, body: circular smooth m; tail: outer circular layer and inner and outer longitudinal layer of smooth m - function(s) - sperm maturation and short term sperm storage; expels sperm at ejaculation
48
vas deferens - location - epithelium - support tissues - function(s)
- location - extends from epididymis to ejaculatory ducts in prostate gland - epithelium - pseudostratified columnar with stereocilia - support tissues - fibroelastic lamina propria, inner + middle circular + outer longitudinal layers of smooth m - function(s) - carries sperm from epididymis to ejaculatory ducts
49
ejaculatory ducts - location - epithelium - support tissues - function(s)
- location - ductus deferens and ducts of the seminal vesicles; located in prostate - epithelium - pseudostratified and simple columnar - support tissues - fibroelastic tissue and smooth muscle - function(s) - mix sperm and seminal fluid, deliver semen to urethra, prostatic secretion is added here
50
epididymis - what is it - lining - cells - added function of sperm - storage
- highly elongated and coiled duct (6 m in adult males) where sperm mature - lined with pseudostratified columnar with long and branched stereocilia - principal cells - columnar cells extending from lumen to basal lamina with sterocilia/stereovili - basal cells - associated with basal lamina, undifferentiated precursors of principal cells - sperm maturation acquiring forward motility - stored in terminal portion
51
ductus deferens - length - lined - wall - support
- 45 cm muscular tube - pseudostratified columnar epithelia - CT lamina propria with elastic fibers - muscular wall with inner and outer longitudinal layers + middle circular layer - external layer of loose CT and adipocytes
52
What is the ampula of ductus deferens?
dilated portion that leads directly into prostate gland | -distal end receives the ducts of the seminal vesicle forming ejaculatory ducts
53
What are accessory glands fo the male reproductive system?
- seminal vesicles - prostate gland - bulbourethral glands - urethral glands

Repro Final (9 decks)

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