Male repro.

Question 1

Difference b/w Spermatogenesis & Spermiogenesis

Answer 1

…mato…:production of fully functioning sperm from stem cells
…mio…: transform spermatid into sperm

Question 2

spermatogonia

Answer 2

stem cells on superficial of seminiferous tubules wi/ basal lamina

Question 3

What structures are found at spermatic cord?

Answer 3

Ductus deference, testicular artery, testicular veins, testicular nerve

Question 4

Explain structure and role of testes

Answer 4

• Interstitial/Leydig cells b/w seminiferous t. => produce testosterone
• Myoid cells surround seminif. t. => sperm cells from germinal epithelium
• Sertoli/Sustencular/nurse cells => nourish spermatogonium

Question 5

Describe pathway sperm travel towards outside

Answer 5

Seminif. t. -> straight tubules (t. rectus) -> rete testis -> efferent ductules -> epididymus -> Ductus (vas) derefens -> spermatic cord ->inguinal canal -> pelvic cavity -> ampulla -> seminal vesicle -> ejaculatory duct -> prostatic urethra -> membranous urethra -> spongy/penile urethra

Question 6

Structure and function of epididymus

Answer 6

• Efferent ductules ciliated => sweep non motile spermatozoa in epididymus
• psuedostratified columnar epith. w/ stereocilia => absorb testicular fluid

Question 7

What structures aid in controlling temp of testes & why/

Answer 7

Sperm production @ 2-3C cooler than body temp. So when it’s cold

• Dartos muscle: retracts & fold scrotal skin = R SA
• Cremaster muscle: contract pulling testis near body

Question 8

Name accessory organs of male repro. sys and describe location

Answer 8

• Seminal vesicle post. of bladder
• Prostate gland surround urethra infer. bladder
• Bulbourethral/Cowper’s gland: Infer. prostate

Question 9

describe process of spermatogenesis

Answer 9

1. Spermatogonia divide (mitosis).
2. @ puberty: stem cells -> type A (produce more stem cells) + type B (primary spermatocyte)
3. 1º sperm. -> 2x 2º sperm (meiosis 1) -> 4x spermatids (meiosis 2)

Question 10

What is the blood testis barrier & why important?

Answer 10

the junctions which sertoli cells bound tog. => prevent sperm escape into blood stream and targeted by immune sys.

Question 11

Describe structure of mature spermatozoon & the functions

Answer 11

Head: genetic (contains acrosomal cap - hydolytic enzymes => penetrate egg)
Midpiece: metabolic (contains mitochond. + microtub.)
Tail: locomotion (one centriole)

Question 12

Spermatogenesis occurs in_ & takes _ days: _ days are spent in the _ _ & ~ _ days for spermiogenesis

Answer 12

testis, 74, 50, seminiferous tubules, 24

Question 13

Describe process of spermiogenesis

Answer 13

• condense nucleus
• acrosome formation
• elongation of body
• formation of tail
• shed excess cytoplasmic baggage

Question 14

What does spermatic cord consist of?

Answer 14

• Testicular artery
• testicular vein
• testicular nerves
• ductus (vas) deferens
• pampiniform plexus

Question 15

What is the pampiniform plexus?

Answer 15

counter current heat exchanger&raquo_space; prevent excess heat reaching testis by removing heat in descend. A into ascend. V

Question 16

Which organ secretes 60% of seminal fluid and what does it contain?

Answer 16

seminal gland. Fructose, citric acid, prostaglandins (>uterine contractions) and fibrinogen (>motility of sperm)

Question 17

Which organ secretes 30% of seminal fluid and what does it contain?

Answer 17

prostate gland. Enzymes (>activate sperm), Fibrolysin (>dissolve coagulated semen), clotting factors

Question 18

Which organ secretes 5% of seminal fluid and what does it contain?

Answer 18

bulbourethral/Cowper’s gland. Alkaline mucous (lubricates and neutralises acidic urethra)

Question 19

What structure is in charge of hormonal regulation in male repro.? (HPG axis)

Answer 19

hypothalamo-pituitary gonadal axis