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Female repro. sys Flashcards

1
Q

4 functions of female repro. sys

A
  1. Production of gametes
  2. Fertilisation
  3. Nourish and develop offspring (before & after birth)
  4. Produce repro. hormones
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2
Q

6 organs of female repro. sys

A
  • Breast/mammary glands: breast feeding
  • Ovaries: oogenisis & ovarian cycle
  • uterine tubes: fertilisation
  • uterus: uterine cycle & preg.
  • vagina
  • External genitalia
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3
Q

Primary function of breast

A

synthesise, secrete and expel milk

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4
Q

Each breast contains _ glands (modified _ glands) that produce _. Glands consist of _ lobes separated by _ tiss.: containing _, which contain _

A

mammary, sweat, milk. 15-20, adipose, lobules, alveoli

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5
Q

Milk production controlled by _ hormone

A

prolactin

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6
Q

Release of milk due to _ hormone through _ FB

A

oxytocin, +ve

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7
Q

6 structures of female external genatalia

A

Vulva, Vestibule, Labia minora, clitoris, labia majora, mons pubis

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8
Q

perineum has a _ region medial to thighs and _ in both fe+males & contain external getalia and _.

A

Diamond, buttocks, anus

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9
Q

The ant. _ _ contains _ _. The post. _ contains _

A

urogenital triangle, external genitalia, triangle, anus

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10
Q

What’s the clinical perinuem? What can be performed on the structure

A

b/w vagina & anus plays role in childbirth=> stretch. Episiotomy

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11
Q

Location of hymen and formix

A

Hymen: (thin mucous mem.) surrounds vaginal opening
Fornix: Domed portion on sides of cervix

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12
Q

structure of vagina

A

tubular, fibromuscular structure 10cm long. Lined w/ mucous mem. & rugae (>stretch): non-keratinised stratified squamous

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13
Q

Function of cervical mucosa

A

secrete mucous for lubrication during intercourse

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14
Q

How vagina acidic and why?

A

epithelial cells release glycogen- metabolised by bacteria => lactic acid = acidic = toxic to foreign pathogens

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15
Q

What is the ectocervix & external os

A

Ectocervix: The portion of the cervix protecting the vagina

Ext. os: Opening of ectocervix

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16
Q

What is the cervical canal?

A

Narrow passageway b/w external os and uterine cavity

17
Q

Cervix secretions before and after ovulation. What does oesterogen do to the cervix @ ovulation and why?

A

Before: External os filled w/ thick & acidic mucus = prevent entry of sperm & bacteria.
After: Oesterogen => Thining and increasing secretions 10x = reduce pH = enable sperm through

18
Q

Function of uterus

A

Implantation of fertilised ovum and development of foetus

19
Q

What artery supplies uterus?

A

uterine artery from internal iliac artery

20
Q

3 parts of uterus

A

Fundus, body and cervix

21
Q

Layers of uterus

A
  1. Perimetrium
  2. Myometrium
  3. Endometrium: functional (stratum functionalis) and basal (stratum basalis)
22
Q

Where does fertilisation occur?

A

Ampulla in oviduct/fallopian tube/ uterine tube

23
Q

3 sections of uterine tube

A

Infundibulum, ampulla, Isthmus

24
Q

Function of fimbrae and cilia

A

move 2º oocyte and fluid twd uterus

25
Q

Name and locate the 3 ligaments of the ovaries

A
  • Mesovarium: peritoneal fold attaches ovary to post. surface of broad ligament
  • Suspensory ligament: mesovarium to body wall (contains ovarian A, V and nerves)
  • Ovarian ligament: ovary to superior margin of uterus (where ovarian A, V & N enter through to ovary)
26
Q

Name the difference between primordial follicle, primary follicle, secondary follicle and mature/grafian follicle

A
  • Primordial: 1º oocyte + granulosa cells (squamous)
  • Primary: 1º oocyte + granulosa cells (cuboidal&raquo_space;secretion)
  • Secondary: 1º oocyte, granulosa cells, zona pellucida, fluid-filled vesicles + theca
  • Mature: 1º oocyte, CUMULUS cells, zona pellucida, ANTRUM + theca
27
Q

describe oogenesis

A
  1. oogonia mitotic division
  2. primary oocyte -> Meiosis 1 -> prophase 1 = 2 million oocytes before birth
  3. Puberty= 3-400, 000 oocytes left. Continue & finish meiosis 1 => secondary oocyte
  4. Ovulation: secondary -> oocyte meiosis 2 -> metaphase 2
  5. Fertilisation: completion of meiosis 2
28
Q

Describe ovarian cycle (9 steps)

A
  1. Day 1: Increase GnRH => increase FSH + LH from ant. pit. gland
  2. FSH: mature 1º follicle. LH: thecal cells produce androgens - converted into estrogen by granulosa cells
  3. SLIGHTLY Hi lvls estro. (-ve FB) inhibit FSH + LH release. Also inhibited by inhibin from granulosa cells
  4. VERY Hi lvls of estro. +ve FB on hypoth. + ant. pit.
  5. Surge of LH + FSH (@ day 14= ovulation)
  6. Bc of Hi LH 2º oocyte formed & ovulation. Estro. lvl decline
  7. formation of corpus luteum & secrete progesterone + lil estro.
  8. Hi lvls of prog. + estro. inhibit FSH & LH release (-ve FB)= inhibit growth of other follicles
  9. Corpus luteum degenerates bc lo lvls of LH. then decrease of prog. + estro. allows new cysle to begin

ISAP (HUMB1002) (12 decks)

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