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Pathology Year 2 Test 3 > Male Repro > Flashcards

Male Repro Flashcards

1
Q

Ability to produce and deliver healthy sperm

Requires healthy sperm, good fluid, intact delivery system

A

Fertility

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2
Q

Ability to copulate

Depends on libido and physical ability

A

Potency

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3
Q

Thermal regulator of the scrotum

A

Apocrine sweat glands

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4
Q

Most important enactor of thermoregulation is the _ _ .

A

Cremaster muscle

Pampiniform plexus

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5
Q

Testicular temperature must be higher/lower than body temperature for spermatogenesis and fertility

A

Lower

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6
Q

Dermatitis in ruminants can be due to

A

Dermatophilus congolensis

Besnoitia besnoiti

Fungi

Chorioptes bovis (arthropod/mite)

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7
Q

Scrotum neoplasm in gray horses

A

Melanoma

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8
Q

Scrotum neoplasms (2) in dog

A

Mast cell tumor

occasionally Melanoma

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9
Q

Most common genital anomaly in cat and horses

A

Cryptorchidism

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10
Q

Cryptorchism is a dominant/recessive trait in horses

A

Dominant

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11
Q

Unilateral testicular degeneration is due to _ _ causes

A

Local causes

  • Tumor or abscess pressure
  • Vascular occlusion
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12
Q

Bilateral cryptorchidism results in

A

Sterility (because of heat on spermatogenesis)

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13
Q

Unilateral cryptorchidism results in

A

Decreased fertility

(sperm counts lower than normal)

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14
Q

4 effects of cryptorchidism

A

Infertility

Sertoli cell tumor & Seminoma predisposition

Mean disposition in horses

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15
Q

Small number, length and diameter of seminiferous tubules causes

A

Testicular hypoplasia

(will have watery semen with few/no spermatids)

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16
Q

Bilateral testicular degeneration/atrophy is due to _ _ causes.

A

Systemic

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17
Q

Most frequent cause of infertility in males

A

Testicular degeneration - atrophy

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18
Q

Causes of testicular degeneration

A

Any adverse influence on general health, Thermal degeneration, Local or systemic infection, Poor nutrition, Vascular, Age, Noxious agents, Hormonal factors, Sperm stasis, Diabetes Mellitus

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19
Q

Examples of poor nutrition that cause testicular degeneration

A

Low energy

Deficiency of vitamin A

Deficiency of phosphorus

Low protein

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20
Q

T/F Strongyle larvae in a horse can cause vascular inflammation of the spermatic artery resulting in testicular degeneration

A

True

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21
Q

Chlorinated naphthalene can cause _ _ .

A

Testicular degeneration

(in cattle)

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22
Q

T/F Normally the left testis is smaller in than the right in testicular degeneration

A

False

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23
Q

Got good semen?

A

Concentration (turbidity)

Motility

Live

Morphology

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24
Q

Most common cause of orchitis

A

Bacterial infection

(from blood stream or direct penetration)

25
Q

Bacteria that causes orchitis in the

Bull

Boar

Horse

Sheep

Dog

A

Bull - Brucella abortus, Arcanobacterium pyogenes

Boar - Brucella suis

Horse - Salmonella abortus equi

Sheep - Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, Histophilus ovis, Brucella mellitensis

Dog - E. coli, Proteus sp., Canine Distemper

26
Q

% of affected testicles that have multiple types of neoplasms

A

25%

27
Q

Most common testicular tumor of the dog and bull

A

Interstitial (Leydig) cell tumor

28
Q

Which of the following is false regarding testicular interstitial cell tumors?

a. They are well demarcated
b. Yellow-orange
c. Larger ones have hemorrhagic necrosis
d. Are usually enlarged

A

d. (there is usually no increase in size of testicle)

29
Q

Testicular Sertoli cell tumor produces _ _ that causes feminization of males

A

Estrogen

30
Q

T/F Feminization of male is permanent even if the Sertoli cell tumor is surgically removed

A

False

(feminization regresses in about a month)

31
Q

Most common testicular tumor in the horse

A

Teratoma

All 3 germ layers (ecto, endo, mesoderm)

32
Q

Sperm contain which cause spermatic granulomas when they are located outside of the duct

A

Mycolic acid (acid-fast lipids)

33
Q

Bacteria that causes epididymitis in sheep

A

Brucella ovis

(90% of lesions are in the tail of the epididymis)

34
Q

Accumulation of sperm in duct is called _ _

and can cause _ _

A

Spermatocyst (spermatocoele)

Spermatic granuloma

35
Q

Causes of epididymitis

A

Canine Distemper

Brucella ovis in sheep

Brucella canis in dog (chronic epididymitis)

36
Q

Inflammation of the spermatic cord

A

Funiculitis

Excessive granulation leads to scirrhous (firm/hard spermatic cord)

37
Q

Funiculitis (spermatic cord inflammation) is common in

Bacteria that cause funiculitis (2)

A

Pig

Streptococcus sp & Staphylococcus sp.

38
Q

Verminous granulomas in spermatic cord of horses may be caused by _ _ larval migration

A

Strongyle

39
Q

Most common cause of seminal vesiculitis

If inflammation is suppurative

others…. (3)

A

Brucella abortus

Arcanobacterium pyogenes

Pseudomonas, E. coli, Streptococcus

40
Q

Constipation can be the result of

A

Prostatic hyperplasia

41
Q

T/F Prostatic hyperplasia never occurs in castrated:

dogs

sheep

A

Dogs - True (but maybe yes in sertoli cell tumor?)

Sheep false (if they eat clover or feed containing estrogen)

42
Q

You’re a dog, will it be harder to peepee or do your poops if you have prostatic hyperplasia

A

Constipation due to rectal pressure

43
Q

% of dogs over 5 that have some degree of prostatic hyperplasia

A

60%

44
Q

A fibrous connective tissue attachment of the glans penis to the ventral aspect of the prepuce

A

Ventral frenulum

45
Q

Balanitis

Posthitis

A

Balantis - inflammation of glans

Posthitis - inflammation of prepuce

Both - Balanoposthitis

46
Q

Causes of penis inflammation

A

Traumatic injury

Chronic inflammation

Campylobacter fetus & Trichomonas (bull)

Herpes (bull)

Ulcerative posthitis (sheep)

47
Q

You have phimosis, what’s your problem

Oh shit, now you have paraphimosis, what’s your problem

A

Phimosis - your penis can’t protrude through stenotic prepuce

Paraphimosis - protuding penis can’t retract into prepuce

48
Q

So you’re a bull with a penile tumor, gross, what’s your problem and what does it look like?

Do you want your bull to get it on with your cow?

A

Transmissibile fibropapilloma

Cauliflower-like growth

(bovine papillomavirus 2)

Nope, can cause vaginal fibropapilloma in cow

49
Q

A horse with a penile tumor is caused by a _ _ _ _ _ _

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

(can metastasize to inguinal lymph nodes)

50
Q

Penile tumors in the dog can be caused by

A

Transmissible Venereal Tumor (TVT)

Squamous cell carcinoma

Melanoma

Mast Cell Tumor

Preputial gland adenoma

51
Q

You’re a dog, the doctor has just told you that you have a Transmissible Venereal Tumor

How did you get it?

A

Transmitted by transfer of tumor cells

(not caused by a virus)

52
Q

You are out frolicking in the woods and eat some locoweed (Astragalus) - what might happen to you?

A

Testicular degeneration! Don’t eat locoweed!!

53
Q

Which of the following will not cause testicular degeneration?

a. Estrogen in feed
b. Pituitary tumor
c. Diabetes Mellitus
d. Hyaline degeneration of arterial walls
e. Sperm stasis

A

If you picked any of those, you’re dumb. They all will. Dumby.

54
Q

What type of tumor causes feminization of males?

A

Sertoli cell tumor

(of supporting or sustentacular cells of seminiferous tubules)

55
Q

Where does a seminoma testicular neoplasm originate?

A

Spermatogonia

56
Q

Which of the following is/are considered germ cell tumors of the gonads?

a. Leydig cell tumor
b. Teratoma
c. Dysgerminoma
d. Sertoli cell tumor
e. b & c

A

e. Teratoma & Dysgerminoma

57
Q

Testicular degeration can occur by all of the following except:

a. Malnutrition
b. Excessive scrotal fat
c. High environmental temperature
d. Zero gravity
e. Vascular occlusion

A

d. Zero gravity

58
Q

Inflammation of the penis occurs in bulls from a _ _ and _ _ infection which can cause early abortions

A

Campylobacter fetus & Trichomonas

Pathology Year 2 Test 3 (5 decks)

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