Male Repro Flashcards by slow turtle

Ability to produce and deliver healthy sperm

Requires healthy sperm, good fluid, intact delivery system

Fertility

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Ability to copulate

Depends on libido and physical ability

Potency

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Thermal regulator of the scrotum

Apocrine sweat glands

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Most important enactor of thermoregulation is the _ _ .

Cremaster muscle

Pampiniform plexus

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Testicular temperature must be higher/lower than body temperature for spermatogenesis and fertility

Lower

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Dermatitis in ruminants can be due to

Dermatophilus congolensis

Besnoitia besnoiti

Fungi

Chorioptes bovis (arthropod/mite)

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Scrotum neoplasm in gray horses

Melanoma

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Scrotum neoplasms (2) in dog

Mast cell tumor

occasionally Melanoma

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Most common genital anomaly in cat and horses

Cryptorchidism

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Cryptorchism is a dominant/recessive trait in horses

Dominant

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Unilateral testicular degeneration is due to _ _ causes

Local causes

Tumor or abscess pressure
Vascular occlusion

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Bilateral cryptorchidism results in

Sterility (because of heat on spermatogenesis)

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Unilateral cryptorchidism results in

Decreased fertility

(sperm counts lower than normal)

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4 effects of cryptorchidism

Infertility

Sertoli cell tumor & Seminoma predisposition

Mean disposition in horses

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Small number, length and diameter of seminiferous tubules causes

Testicular hypoplasia

(will have watery semen with few/no spermatids)

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Bilateral testicular degeneration/atrophy is due to _ _ causes.

Systemic

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Most frequent cause of infertility in males

Testicular degeneration - atrophy

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Causes of testicular degeneration

Any adverse influence on general health, Thermal degeneration, Local or systemic infection, Poor nutrition, Vascular, Age, Noxious agents, Hormonal factors, Sperm stasis, Diabetes Mellitus

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Examples of poor nutrition that cause testicular degeneration

Low energy

Deficiency of vitamin A

Deficiency of phosphorus

Low protein

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T/F Strongyle larvae in a horse can cause vascular inflammation of the spermatic artery resulting in testicular degeneration

True

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Chlorinated naphthalene can cause _ _ .

Testicular degeneration

(in cattle)

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T/F Normally the left testis is smaller in than the right in testicular degeneration

False

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Got good semen?

Concentration (turbidity)

Motility

Live

Morphology

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Most common cause of orchitis

Bacterial infection

(from blood stream or direct penetration)

Bacteria that causes orchitis in the Bull Boar Horse Sheep Dog

Bull - Brucella abortus, Arcanobacterium pyogenes Boar - Brucella suis Horse - Salmonella abortus equi Sheep - Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, Histophilus ovis, Brucella mellitensis Dog - E. coli, Proteus sp., Canine Distemper

% of affected testicles that have multiple types of neoplasms

25%

Most common testicular tumor of the dog and bull

Interstitial (Leydig) cell tumor

Which of the following is false regarding testicular interstitial cell tumors? a. They are well demarcated b. Yellow-orange c. Larger ones have hemorrhagic necrosis d. Are usually enlarged

d. (there is usually no increase in size of testicle)

Testicular Sertoli cell tumor produces _ _ that causes feminization of males

Estrogen

T/F Feminization of male is permanent even if the Sertoli cell tumor is surgically removed

False (feminization regresses in about a month)

Most common testicular tumor in the horse

Teratoma All 3 germ layers (ecto, endo, mesoderm)

Sperm contain which cause spermatic granulomas when they are located outside of the duct

Mycolic acid (acid-fast lipids)

Bacteria that causes epididymitis in sheep

Brucella ovis (90% of lesions are in the tail of the epididymis)

Accumulation of sperm in duct is called _ _ and can cause _ _

Spermatocyst (spermatocoele) Spermatic granuloma

Causes of epididymitis

Canine Distemper Brucella ovis in sheep Brucella canis in dog (chronic epididymitis)

Inflammation of the spermatic cord

Funiculitis Excessive granulation leads to scirrhous (firm/hard spermatic cord)

Funiculitis (spermatic cord inflammation) is common in Bacteria that cause funiculitis (2)

Pig Streptococcus sp & Staphylococcus sp.

Verminous granulomas in spermatic cord of horses may be caused by _ _ larval migration

Strongyle

Most common cause of seminal vesiculitis If inflammation is suppurative others.... (3)

Brucella abortus Arcanobacterium pyogenes Pseudomonas, E. coli, Streptococcus

Constipation can be the result of

Prostatic hyperplasia

T/F Prostatic hyperplasia never occurs in castrated: dogs sheep

Dogs - True (but maybe yes in sertoli cell tumor?) Sheep false (if they eat clover or feed containing estrogen)

You're a dog, will it be harder to peepee or do your poops if you have prostatic hyperplasia

Constipation due to rectal pressure

% of dogs over 5 that have some degree of prostatic hyperplasia

60%

A fibrous connective tissue attachment of the glans penis to the ventral aspect of the prepuce

Ventral frenulum

Balanitis Posthitis

Balantis - inflammation of glans Posthitis - inflammation of prepuce Both - Balanoposthitis

Causes of penis inflammation

Traumatic injury Chronic inflammation Campylobacter fetus & Trichomonas (bull) Herpes (bull) Ulcerative posthitis (sheep)

You have phimosis, what's your problem Oh shit, now you have paraphimosis, what's your problem

Phimosis - your penis can't protrude through stenotic prepuce Paraphimosis - protuding penis can't retract into prepuce

So you're a bull with a penile tumor, gross, what's your problem and what does it look like? Do you want your bull to get it on with your cow?

Transmissibile fibropapilloma Cauliflower-like growth (bovine papillomavirus 2) Nope, can cause vaginal fibropapilloma in cow

A horse with a penile tumor is caused by a _ _ _ _ _ _

Squamous cell carcinoma (can metastasize to inguinal lymph nodes)

Penile tumors in the dog can be caused by

Transmissible Venereal Tumor (TVT) Squamous cell carcinoma Melanoma Mast Cell Tumor Preputial gland adenoma

You're a dog, the doctor has just told you that you have a Transmissible Venereal Tumor How did you get it?

Transmitted by transfer of tumor cells (not caused by a virus)

You are out frolicking in the woods and eat some locoweed (Astragalus) - what might happen to you?

Testicular degeneration! Don't eat locoweed!!

Which of the following will not cause testicular degeneration? a. Estrogen in feed b. Pituitary tumor c. Diabetes Mellitus d. Hyaline degeneration of arterial walls e. Sperm stasis

If you picked any of those, you're dumb. They all will. Dumby.

What type of tumor causes feminization of males?

Sertoli cell tumor (of supporting or sustentacular cells of seminiferous tubules)

Where does a seminoma testicular neoplasm originate?

Spermatogonia

Which of the following is/are considered germ cell tumors of the gonads? a. Leydig cell tumor b. Teratoma c. Dysgerminoma d. Sertoli cell tumor e. b & c

e. Teratoma & Dysgerminoma

Testicular degeration can occur by all of the following except: a. Malnutrition b. Excessive scrotal fat c. High environmental temperature d. Zero gravity e. Vascular occlusion

d. Zero gravity

Inflammation of the penis occurs in bulls from a _ _ and _ _ infection which can cause early abortions

Campylobacter fetus & Trichomonas