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Endo-Repro II > Male Pelvis Anatomy > Flashcards

Male Pelvis Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What are the layers surrounding the scrotum?

A
  • Tunica Vaginalis (parietal and visceral layers)
  • Internal spermatic fascia
  • Cremaster muscle
  • External spermatic fascia
  • Dartos fascia and muscle
  • Skin
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2
Q

What derived the internal spermatic fascia of the spermatic cord?

A

The transversalis fascia.

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3
Q

What derived the middle/cremasteric muscle/fascia of the spermatic cord?

A

The internal oblique muscle.

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4
Q

What derived the external spermatic fascia of the spermatic cord?

A

The external oblique muscle.

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5
Q

What is the cremasteric reflex?

A

Touching the ipsilateral inner thigh to invoke raising of the testes (cremaster muscle).

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6
Q

What is the afferent limb of the cremasteric reflex?

A

The ilioinguinal nerve (why touching the inner thigh will initiate the reflex).

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7
Q

What is the efferent limb of the cremasteric reflex?

A

The genital branch of the genito-femoral nerve.

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8
Q

What are the three heat control mechanisms of the scrotum?

A

The Dartos muscle (smooth muscle), the cremasteric muscle (skeletal), and the pampiniform plexus of veins (cool down the testicular artery).

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9
Q

What is the Dartos fascia of the scrotum continuous with?

A

The Scarpa’s (membranous) fascia of the anterior abdominal wall.

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10
Q

What does the Dartos muscle do?

A

Wrinkles the skin.

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11
Q

What is the vascular supply of the scrotum?

A

The anterior (external pudendal) and posterior (internal pudendal) scrotal arteries and veins.

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12
Q

What is the innervation of the scrotum?

A

The anterior scrotal nerve (from the ilioinguinal) and the posterior scrotal nerve (from the pudendal nerve). Very important to know that there is a portion not innervated by the pudendal nerve (which innervated all the other perineal structures).

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13
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of the scrotum?

A

The superficial inguinal LN (metastatic spread from scrotal cancers will appear here).

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14
Q

What are the contents of the spermatic cord?

A
  • Ductus deferens
  • Testicular artery (branch of abdominal artery)
  • Pampiniform plexus of veins
  • Autonomic testicular nerve plexus
  • Lymphatic vessels of testes
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15
Q

What is the vascular supply of the testes?

A

The left and right testicular arteries (from the abdominal aorta).

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16
Q

What is the venous drainage of the testes?

A

The pampiniform plexus which coalesces into the left and right testicular veins.

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17
Q

What does the right testicular vein drain into?

A

The IVC.

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18
Q

What does the left testicular vein drain into?

A

The left renal vein.

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19
Q

What is testicular varicocele?

A

Varicosity of the pampiniform plexus (results from defective vein valves or obstruction of the left renal vein).

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20
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of the testes?

A

The lumbar LN (clinically important for testicular cancer). DIfferent from the scrotum (superficial inguinal LN).

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21
Q

What is the epididymis?

A

A long coiled duct which stores spermatozoa.

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22
Q

Where is the epididymis located?

A

On the posterior portion of the testes within the scrotum.

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23
Q

What are the portions of the epididymis?

A

Head (on superior pole of testes), body, and tail (on inferior pole of testes).

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24
Q

What covers the epididymis?

A

The tunica vaginalis.

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25
Q

What is the Ductus deferens?

A

A muscular tube which transports sperm from the epididymis to the prostatic urethra.

26
Q

What is the course of the Ductus deferens?

A

Travels through the inguinal canal, travels to the posterior side of the bladder medial to the seminal vesicles and joins the duct of the seminal vesicles to become the ejaculatory duct.

27
Q

What is the ampulla of the Ductus deferens?

A

A dilation near its site of termination.

28
Q

What is the vascular supply of the ductus deferens?

A

The artery of the ductus deferens (anastomoses with the testicular artery) and venae comitantes.

29
Q

What is the ejaculatory duct?

A

A merging of the seminal gland duct and the ductus deferens. Courses through the prostate and drains into the prostatic urethra.

30
Q

What is the function of the seminal glands?

A

Produce 70% of seminal fluid and support the sperm (fructose rich and various enzymes).

31
Q

What is the vascular supply of the seminal glands?

A

Arterial: branches from inferior vesicle
Venous:vesicle/prostatic plexuses

32
Q

What are the clinical zones of the prostate?

A
  • Peripheral zone
  • Transitional zone
  • Central zone
33
Q

What is the transitional zone of the prostate?

A

The area around the urethra. Most common site for BPH (benign prostatic hyperplasia).

34
Q

What is the central zone of the prostate?

A

The area around the ejaculatory duct.

35
Q

What is the peripheral zone of the prostate?

A

The peripheral zone. It is the most common site for carcinomas.

36
Q

What is the arterial supply of the prostate?

A

Branches from the inferior vesicle.

37
Q

What is the venous drainage of the prostate?

A

The prostatic venous plexus which drains into the internal iliac veins.

38
Q

What is clinically relevant about the prostatic venous plexus?

A

It directly communicates with the internal vertebral venous plexus. Prostatic cancer cells can spread to the vertebrae via the plexus.

39
Q

What are the fascias of the penis?

A
  • Dartos (superficial)
  • Buck’s (deep)
  • Tunica Albuginea (invests erectile bodies)
40
Q

What are the two parts of the root of the penis?

A

The bulb and two crura.

41
Q

What part of the penis is the bulb a part of?

A

The corpus spongiosum.

42
Q

What part of the penis are the crura a part of?

A

The corpus cavernosum (both of them).

43
Q

What muscle covers the crura of the penis?

A

The ischiocavernosus muscle.

44
Q

What muscle covers the bulb of the penis?

A

The bulbospongiosus muscle.

45
Q

What is the glans of the penis?

A

A distal expansion of the corpus spongiosum.

46
Q

What is the arterial supply of the penis?

A

The dorsal and deep arteries of the penis (all from the internal pudendal artery).

47
Q

What is the venous drainage of the penis?

A

The superficial dorsal vein (drains to external pudendal vein) and deep dorsal vein (drains to the prostatic venous plexus).

48
Q

What is clinically relevant about the deep dorsal vein of the penis?

A

It drains to the prostatic venous plexus and thus allows for the spread of infections from the superficial penis.

49
Q

What is the function of the Bulbospongiosus muscle as it relates to the male sexual response?

A

It maintains an erection by compressing the bulb of the penis.

50
Q

What is the function of the Ishiocavernous muscle as it relates to the male sexual response?

A

It maintains an erection by compressing the crura.

51
Q

What are the arteries from the posterior division of the internal iliac artery?

A
  • Iliolumbar artery
  • Lateral sacral artery
  • Superior gluteal artery
52
Q

What branch of the anterior internal iliac arteries supplies the ductus deferens?

A

The umbilical artery (artery to ductus deferens branch).

53
Q

What branch of the anterior iliac arteries supplies the bladder and reproductive organs?

A

The inferior vesicle artery.

54
Q

What else is a branch of the anterior division of the internal iliac relevant to reproduction?

A

The internal pudendal artery (supplies all of the penis, the anal triangle, and the posterior scrotal artery).

55
Q

What is the course of the internal pudendal artery (i.e. the pudendal canal)?

A

Exits the pelvis via the greater sciatic foramen, then passes around the ischial spine to re-enter the perineum via the lesser sciatic foramen.

56
Q

Where is the tunica albuginea located?

A

Deep to the tunica vaginalis. Extensions of the tunica albuginea form the septae that separate individual seminiferous tubules as well as surround the corpus cavernosum.

57
Q

What are the four parts of the male urethra?

A

The intramural urethra, the prostatic urethra, the membranous urethra, and the spongy urethra.

58
Q

What does the intramural urethra extend through and what covers it?

A

The neck of the bladder, and it is encircled by the internal portion of the sphincter urethrae (has the added job in males of preventing retrograde flow of semen).

59
Q

What are two relevant structures contained in the prostatic urethra?

A

The seminal colliculus (opening for ejaculatory duct) and prostatic sinuses (openings for the prostatic ducts).

60
Q

What does the membranous urethra pass through?

A

The deep space of the UG triangle (encircled by the external portion of the sphincter urethrae).

61
Q

What does the spongy urethra course through?

A

The corpus spongiosum.

Endo-Repro II (6 decks)

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