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Reproductive System > Male Pathology Part 2 > Flashcards

Male Pathology Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three erectile bodies of the penis?

What is contained in each?

A

There are two corpora cavernosa which each contain a deep artery and a corpora spongiosum through which the urethra traverses

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2
Q

What is the most common penis malformation? What causes it?

A

Hypospadias

An abnormal opening on the ventral surface of the penis due to faulty closure of the urethral folds

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3
Q

What is an Epispadias? What causes it?

A

An abnormal opening on the dorsal surface of the penis due to a defect in the genital tubercle

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4
Q

What is Phimosis? What causes it?

A

Phimosis is when the orifice of the prepuce is too small to retract over the head of the penis due to prepuce scarring from prior infection

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5
Q

Describe the difference between Balanitis and Balanoposthitis

A
  • Balanitis – inflammation/infection of the glans
  • Balanoposthitis – Inflammation/infection of glans and prepuce (usually uncircumcised males with poor hygiene)
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6
Q

What leads to infection in Balanoposthitis? What are some common organisms?

A
  • Accumulation of smegma leads to infection
  • Candida, pyogenic bacteria, and anaerobes
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7
Q

What are some features of balanoposthitis on histology?

A
  • Thin epidermis
  • Glassy dermis
  • Keratin
  • Inflammation
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8
Q

What is Peyronie’s disease (what can result from it)?

A

A type of fibromatosis causing painful contractures of the penis

May result in infertility

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9
Q

What neoplasms of the penis are classified as squamous cell carcinoma in situ (CIS)?

A

Bowen’s disease

Erythroplasia of Queryrat

Bowenoid papulosis

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10
Q

Bowen’s Disease (Leukoplakia)

Age:

Parts of the penis involved:

Virus association:

A
  • Age: Usually over 35 years old
  • Parts of the penis involved: Involves the shaft of the penis and scrotum
  • Virus association: associated with HPV type 16 and 18
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11
Q

What is the appearance of Erythroplasia of Queyrat and where is it located?

What virus is it associated with?

A
  • Erythroplasia of Queyrat is a redness located on the mucosal surface of the glans and prepuce
  • It is associated with HPV type 16
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12
Q

What is the only squamous cell carcinoma in situ with no predisposition for invasion?

A

Bowenoid papulosis

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13
Q

What is the appearance of Bowenoid papulosis and where is it located?

What virus is it associated with?

A

Multiple pigmented reddish brown papules on external genitalia associated with HPV type 16

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14
Q

What is the most common cancer of the penis?

A

Invasive Squamous Cell Carcinoma

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15
Q

Invasive Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Age:

Most common sites:

Virus association:

Risk factors:

A
  • Age: 40-70 years old
  • Most common sites: Glans or mucosal surface of prepuce
  • Virus association: HPV 16 and 18
  • Risk factors: Smoking, lack of circumcision, CIS
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16
Q

Invasive Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Where does the cancer metastasize?

What is important in terms of staging?

Histology?

A
  • Metastasizes to inguinal and iliac nodes
  • Corpus spongiosum/cavernosum invasion is important for staging
  • Histology: keratin pearls, nuclear atypia
17
Q

What is a scrotal varicocele?

A

An abnormal enlargement of the vein that is in the scrotum draining the testicles

Most common cause of left-sided scrotal enlargement in adult

“Bag of worms” appearance

18
Q

What are some examples of varicoceles in the scrotum and their possible pathologies? (2)

A

Blockage of left renal vein (renal cell carcinoma invading renal vein)

Blockage of right spermatic vein produces right-sided varicocele (retroperitoneal fibrosis)

19
Q

A hydrocele results from fluid secreted into a potential space called the _______ _______

Why is ultrasound used to diagnose hydrocele?

A

A hydrocele results from fluid secreted into a potential space called the **tunica vaginalis **(TV)

Ultrasound distinguishes fluid in the TV vs. a testicular mass causing scrotal enlargement

20
Q

How is Invasive Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the penis staged?

A
  • Tis: carcinoma in situ, no invasion
  • Ta: non-invasive, Verrucous wart-like carcinoma (broccoli)
  • T1: tumor grown into subepithelial connective tissue (partial penectomy)
  • T2: tumor grown into corpus spongiosum or corpora cavernosum (total penectomy)
  • T3: tumor grown into urethra
  • T4: tumor grown into other nearby structures
21
Q

What is the effect of HPV on penile skin?

A

Clear cytoplasmic halos

Nuclei large & irregular

Increased mitosis

Reproductive System (35 decks)

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