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S2B5: Anatomy > Male Internal Genetalia > Flashcards

Male Internal Genetalia Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the prostate’s location with relation to ther viscera.

The seminal vesicle?

A
  • Prostate
    • inferior to bladder
    • sitting on the pelvic floor
  • Seminal vesicle
    • between bladder and rectum
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2
Q

Identify the peritoneal coverings within the pelvis

A
  • Visceral peritoneum
    • superior surface of bladder
    • base of bladder
    • anterior surface of rectum
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3
Q

Identify the fascia indicated in blue, yellow, pink, green, & red

What is the purpose of this fascia?

The blacked out words are not important

A
  • Blue: transversalis fascia (membranous)
    • external to peritoneum
  • Yellow: Parietal pelvic fascia (membranous)
    • continuation of transversalis fascia
  • Pink: Visceral pelvic fascia (membranous)
    • reflection of parietal pelvic fascia
  • Green: endopelvic fat/fascia
    • fatty, loose areolar tissue
  • Red: extraperitoneal fat/fascia
    • continuous with endopelvic fat/fascia

Reinforce position of the organs relative to the pelvis itself & pelvic floor – also thickenings called ligaments or septa provide support

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4
Q

Identify the features indicated in the provided image

A
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5
Q

Why is it important that the ureters pierce the bladder at an oblique angle?

A

as the bladder fills, it will cauase the ureters to get pinched off so you don’t have any retrograde flow of urine from ureters to kidneys

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6
Q

Does the ductus deferens cross anterior or posterior to the ureters?

A

anterior

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7
Q

What is ejaculate?

What percent of ejaculate is produced by the seminal vesicles?

Where do they converge?

A

ejaculate is the fluid for male ejaculation

70%

seminal vesicles converge at the prostate on the neck of the bladder

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8
Q

Identify the indicated features of the provided image

A
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9
Q

The rectoprostatic fascia is between what two structures?

It is specific portion of what pelvic fascia?

A

between the rectum & prostate

endopelvic fascia

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10
Q

Identify the indicated features of the provided image

A
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11
Q

Identify the features of the male urethra

A
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12
Q

What are the 3 components of the female external urethral sphincter?

How are they impacted during child birth?

A
  • External sphincter
    • sphincter urethrae muscle
      • (proper aspect)
    • compressor urethrea muscle urethrovaginal muscle
      • (across anterior surface of urethra attaching pubis bone to pubis bone )
    • urethrovaginal muscle
      • (wraps around a urethra and a vagina)
      • especially impacted by vaginal birth
  • Urethra is fused to anterior wall of the vagina – so, if the vagina is stretched out as in the case with vaginal child birth, this can affect the position of the urethra & function of these muscles
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13
Q

What is the least distensible portion of the male urethra?

A

membranous portion

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14
Q

Identify the sections of the male urethra

What is the average length of the male urethra?

A

20 cm

mostly dependent on the length of the penis

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15
Q

Identify the indicated components of the prostatic urethra

A
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16
Q

Describe the process of ejaculation

A
  • During ejaculation, the internal urethral sphincter will be contracted to not let ejaculate up into the bladder
  • External urethral sphincter will also be closed
  • smooth muscle will be pumping ejaculate into the prostatic urethra (extensible)
    • pushing out on prostatic glandular tissue
    • postatic capsule is not distensible, so will increase pressure
  • Open external sphincter, and pressurized ejaculate will come shooting out of the system
17
Q

Where is the membranous urethra found?

It is surrounded by what structures?

What landmark signifies the end of the membranous urethra?

A
  • Membranous urethra found at pelvic diaphragm (urogenital diaphragm)
  • surrounded by external urethral sphinceter
  • surrounded by deep perineal pouch
  • boundary is the perineal membrane (inferior aspect of the pelvic diaphragm)
18
Q

What it the name of the urethra located within the penis?

What can can be tricky about the portion when performin a catheterization

A

spongy urethra

~90 degree turn at bulb of penis

Additonally, immdiately above the spongy urethra is the membranous urethra, which is non-distensible which poses an additional challenge

19
Q

What substance is produced by the bulbourethral glands?

What is the purpose of this substance?

A

preejculate

ducts open into the superior spongy urethra

Purpose: cleanse the urethra of residual urine that may negatively impact sperm

20
Q

What is the function of urethral glands?

Where are the located?

A

active at all times

mucous secreting galnds protecting the epithelial lining of the urethra from the acidic aspect of urine

Throughout the length of the spongy urethra

21
Q

Identify the indicated aspects of the spongy urethra

A
22
Q

What is the lacuna magna?

It can make what procedure challenging?

A

flap of mucous fold within the navicular fossa

usually on dorsum (roof) of navicular fossa

can be detrimental to attempt at catheterization

23
Q

Describe the path of the ductus deferens

A

From epididymis of testes

up to spermadic cord through the inquinal canal

into the abdomen through the deep inguinal ring

running just lateal to the inferior epigastric artery across the external iliac vessels into the pelvis

when it reaches the base of the bladder it crosses the ureter anteriorly

on the posterior of the bladder it has a dilation called the ampulla then it will constrict back to a narrow duct

the ductus deferens duct along with the seminal vesicle duct form the ejaculatory duct

24
Q
A
25
Q

Where is the seminal vesicle located?

A

base of the bladder

anterior to the rectovesical / rectoprostatic fascia

26
Q

Describe the pathway of the ejaculatory ducts

A

through more central portion of prostate to enter failry low on the postatic urethra (below the utricle) as a paired set

27
Q

Identify the indicated features of the prostate

A
28
Q

Whta is BPH and in what zones is it most likely to occur?

A
  1. Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy (BPH)
    • general growth of the prostate that can occlude urine outpu
    • Zones
      • Central
      • Transitional
      • Periurethral
    • High up on periurethral & central zones about where you have the uvula, so extra growth here can cause the uvula to distend & occlude urine outflow
29
Q

What prostatic zone is most prone to carcinoma?

A

peripheral zone

30
Q

Identify the features of the prostate depicted in black, blue & green

Ignore the black boxes

A
31
Q

What structures are supplied by the Superior Vesicle Artery?

Inferior Vesicel Artery?

Artery to ductus deferens?

What large vessel do each of these arteries arise from?

A
  • Internal Iliac Artery
    • Umbilical Artery
      • Superior Vesicle Artery
        • ​superior aspect of urinary bladder
        • some ductus deferens
  • Internal Iliac Artery
    • Infeior Vesicle Artery
      • ​inferior aspect of urinary bladder
      • prostate
      • seminla vesicles
      • some ductus deferens
      • prostatic and membranous urethrae
  • Internal Iliac
    • Inferior Vesicle Artery OR Superior Vesicle Artery
      • ​Artery to Ductus Deferens
        • ​ductus deferens
        • ejaculatory ducts
32
Q

What arterial branches supply the prostate?

Where do these branches come from?

A

prostatic branches

usually from inferior vesicle

33
Q

Describe the route of venous drainage for the male genetalia. Where are the venous plexuses located?

What are extra concerns to be aware of with relation to this pathway?

A
  • Plexus of veins surrounding the bladder, vesicle, and prostate
    • internal iliac
      • inferior vena cava
      • internal vertebral venous plexus (outside dura) - vlaveles veing system
        • ** think about prostate cancer metastasizing to the vertebral column
  • Penis has deep doral vein that will interface with prostatic plexus
    • ** think prostate cancer can metastasize & infections can spread
34
Q

Lymphatics from the external iliac of the bladder drain where?

Rest of the bladder through penis?

Spongy urethra?

A
  • Superior aspect bladder
    • external iliac
  • Rest of bladder through penis
    • internal iliac
  • Distal spongy urethra
    • deep inguinal
35
Q

What nerves make up the prostatic plexus of nerves?

A

From inferior hypogastric plexus

Parasympathetic (S2-S4) & Sympathetic Splanchnic (from sympathetic chain) Nerves

36
Q
A
37
Q
A

S2B5: Anatomy (8 decks)

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