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Endo/Repro > Male Histology > Flashcards

Male Histology Flashcards

1
Q

Pathway of excretory ducts of testis

A
  1. Tubuli Recti
  2. Rete testis
  3. Efferent ducts
  4. Epididymis
  5. Vas deferens
  6. Ejaculatory duct
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2
Q

Accessory Glands

A

Seminal vesicles, prostate, bulbourethral gland

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3
Q

Testis functions

A

Exocrine –> production of spermatozoa by seminiferous tubules
Endocrine - production of testosterone

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4
Q

Tunica albuginea of testis

A

dense fibrous capsule, greatly thickened posterior aspect (mediastinum testis)

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5
Q

Tunica vaginalis of testis

A

serous sac surrounding anterior and lateral portions of testis –> derived from peritoneum
Visceral -> adheres to tunica albuginea
Parietal -> adheres to surface of scrotum

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6
Q

Lobules of testis

A

contain contorted seminiferous tubules

CT contains interstitial cells of Leydig

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7
Q

Seminiferous tubules

A

highly convoluted loops and connect to tubule recti
- supported by CT containing Leydig cells
has outer fibroelastic layer of CT
basement membrane
“stratified” epithleium containing:
- Sertoli cells –> supportive cells
- Germ cells –> spermatogonia, spermatocytes, spermatids, spermatozoa

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8
Q

Spermatogenesis

A

spermatogonia —> spermatozoa (Temperature sensitive)

- ALL meiotic progeny become mature gametes

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9
Q

Spermatogonia

A

located directly next to basement membrane (maturity begins at puberty)

  • 3 Types
    1. Dark (reserve stem cells)
    2. Pale (renewing stem cells)
    3. Type B (differentiating progenitors)
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10
Q

Spermatocytes

A

Primary -> largest germ cell
- enter as diploid, come out haploid
Secondary -> cannot see, enter meiosis so quickly

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11
Q

Spermatids

A

haploid progeny of meiotic divisions

- nucleus condenses, migrate close to lumen, synchrony of clones (synctium)

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12
Q

Spermiogenesis

A

morphological maturation of spermatids to spermatozoa

  1. golgi phase -> acrosome formation, axoneme assembly
  2. cap phase -> elaboration of acrosome cap, enzyme content
  3. Acrosomal phase -> orientation of head towards basement membrane, nuclear elongation, mito aggregation in middle piece
  4. Maturation phase -> residual body shaped, release into seminiferous tubules
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13
Q

Sertoli Cells

A

pillar-like, extend from basement membrane to lumen

  • elongated nucleus, contribute to blood-testis barrier
  • zona occludens near basal region of adjacent cells –> provides immune barrier so autoimmune reaction doesn’t occur to haploid (non-self) cells
  • assist in transport of maturing germ cells to lumen
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14
Q

FSH receptors on sertoli cells

A

testicular fluid production, increase androgen binding receptors, produce inhibin –> negative feedback to pars distalis on FSH

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15
Q

Interstitial tissue of testis

A

lies between seminiferous tubules

- collagenous fibers, blood and lymph, nerves, contain intersitial cells of Leydig

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16
Q

Interstitial cells of Leydig

A

lie in compact groups, large cells with spherical nucleus

- steroid producing cells (testosterone) with extensive smooth ER

17
Q

Endocrinology of testis

A

Fertility and sex characteristics depend on androgens
LH -> receptors on Leydig cells –> stimulates androgen output (- feedback to hypothalamus)
FSH -> receptors on sertoli cells -> promotes ABP, promotes high levels in seminiferous tubules, inhibin (- feedbacks on pars distalis)
- Leydig cells are not temperature sensitive

18
Q

Tubuli recti

A

straight tubules, very short, connect seminiferous tubules to rete testis
simple columnar and sertoli like

19
Q

Rete testis

A

labyrinthine plexus of epithelial channels in mediastinum

- simple cuboidal

20
Q

Efferent ductule

A

emerges from mediastinum on posterior-superior aspect of testis -> each tubule spirals toward epididymis
- primarly simple columnar with some ciliated and some microvilli
SAW TOOTH PATTERN

21
Q

Epididymis

A 
receives contents of efferent ductules, highly convoluted duct surrounded by CT
- site of further sperm maturation
PSEUDOSTRATIFIED columnar epithelium
Basal cells --> principle cells
both absorptive and secretory functions
22
Q

Vas deferens

A

very thick muscular wall -> easily palpable through skin
Mucosa -> pseudostratified with stereocilia
- luminal folds
Muscularis -> 3 distinct layers

23
Q

Ampulla of vas deferens

A

terminal dilation, high folded mucosa, musculature is less arranged, no stereocilia

24
Q

Seminal Vesicle

A

elongated saccular organs
unbranched tubular diverticulum of distal end of vas
- doesn’t fully develop until puberty
Mucosa -> lots of folds -> forms sinuses
Function = contributes to volume of ejaculate, rich in fructose (energy source for sperm)

25
Q

Prostate Gland

A

compound tubuloalveolar gland that surrounds prostatic portion of urethra

  • not fully developed until puberty
  • has capsule, stroma, and parenchyma
  • highly folded epithelium
26
Q

Capsule of prostate

A

firboelastic tissue, inner zone in rich in smooth muscle

27
Q

Stroma of prostate

A

makes up 1/4 of gland, dense fibromuscular tissue with collagen and elastin

28
Q

Parenchyma of prostate

A

3 groups of glands

  1. Mucosal -> smallest and located next to urethra (BPH)
  2. Submucosal -> found in ring of tissue around periurethral tissue
  3. Main prostate glands -> outer and largest portion of gland, provide bulk of gland secretion
29
Q

Function of prostate

A

secretion -> produces thin, milky, faintly acidic fluid

  • secretions are continuous but especially during sex
  • acid phosphatase indicator of potential carcinoma
  • makes up 25% of seminal fluid
  • testosterone dependent
30
Q

Prostatic concretions

A

calcified protein and carbohydrate

  • may appear lamellated
  • first appears in adults, increases with age
31
Q

Bulbourethral glands

A

paired bodies, size of pea

- secrete clear, viscous lubricating material into urethra under sexual excitement

32
Q

Semen

A

epididymal, seminal vesicle, and prostatic secretions

33
Q

Penis

A

3 Cylindrical bodies
1&2 -> corpora cavernosa, distally situated
3 -> corpora spongiosum -> ventrally situated and ends in cup shpaed enlargement (glans)
- surrounded by tunica albuginea (thick fibrous CT sheath)

34
Q

Erection

A

parasympathetic stimulation -> smooth muscle of vessels relaxes -> engorgement of thin walled venules compresses them and reduces venous drainage

35
Q

Emission/Ejaculation

A

Sympathetic response -> smooth muscle undergoes peristaltic contraction
Nerve impulses from S1-S2 enter pudendal nerve and cause increased pressure in tissue to express semen from urethra

36
Q

Detumescence

A

sympathetic stimulation continues and causes arteries to regain tone and improve venous drainage

37
Q

Urethra components

A

Prostatic –> through prostate (goes from transitional to stratified columnar)
Membranous -> stratified columnar
Penile urethra -> stratified columnar to stratified squamous non-keratinizing

38
Q

Scrotum

A

thin skin, more melanin present in epidermis

  • no fat in subcutaneous tissue, thick layer of dartos smooth muscle
  • thermoregulator
    • cold = dartos contracts and pulls testis close (cremaster too)
    • hot = dartos relaxes and testis descends

Endo/Repro (34 decks)

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