Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Spring 15 - GU, Nephro > Male GU Issues > Flashcards

Male GU Issues Flashcards

1
Q

Erectile Dysfunction

A

failure to achieve erection suitable for sex or dissatisfaction w/ size, rigidity or duration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the 2 most common underlying causes of ED?

A
  • organic: problem w/ vascular, nervous or hormonal system

- psychogenic: interference w/ perception of psychological stimuli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Tx Options for ED

A

-PDE5 inhibitor: sildenafil (Viagra), vardenafil (Levitra), tadalafil (Cialis)

  • lifestyle modifications
  • alprostadil
  • psychotherapy
  • vacuum erection device, surgery
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is BPH and how does it happen?

A
  • nonmalignant enlargement of prostate gland
  • leads to bladder outlet obstruction
  • testosterone conversion causes prostate enlargement and growth
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Signs and Sxs of BPH

A
  • weak strain
  • straining to void, hesitancy
  • post-void residual urine, sense of incomplete void, urinary retention
  • overflow or urge incontinence
  • enlarged prostate (DRE)
  • gross hematuria
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Dx of BPH

A
  • DRE
  • PSA
  • post void residual
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Tx of BPH (3 different levels)

A
  • watchful waiting for mild
  • alpha 1 and 1A blockers for moderate (terazosin or tamsulosin); or 5 alpha reductase inhibitor (finasteride)
  • surgery if more severe sxs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is prostatitis?

A
  • inflammation of prostate gland and surrounding tissues due to infx
  • can be acute or chronic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Most Common Causative Organisms of Acute Bacterial Prostatitis

A
  • E.coli 75%

- also Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, Enterobacter, Serratia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Most Common Causative Organisms of Chronic Bacterial Prostatitis

A
  • E. coli

- other gram negatives (EKP)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Sxs of ABP

A
  • high fever
  • perineal pain
  • frequency, urgency, dysuria
  • obstructive sxs
  • nocturia
  • retention
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Sxs of Chronic BP

A
  • vague sxs
  • recurrent UTI or prostate infx
  • voiding difficulties
  • prostatic enlargement
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Dx of ABP

A
  • clinical presentation
  • significant bacteriuria (UA)
  • midstream urine culture
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Dx of CBP

A
  • urinary tract localization studies critical

- sequential cultures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Tx of ABP <35 yo

A
  • ceftriaxone 250 mg IM then
  • doxycycline 100 mg po bid x10 days
  • treat partners!
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Tx of ABP >35 yo

A

-cipro ER 500 mg po qd or 400 mg IV bid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Tx of CBP

A
  • cipro 500 mg po bid x4 wks

- may be longer or need surgery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the cause of epididymitis?

A
  • can be trauma, but usually 2/2 infx

- 35 yo or MSM: Enterobacteriaceae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Sxs of Epididymitis

A
  • unilateral pain and swelling of scrotum
  • hydrocele formation
  • urethral discharge
  • elevation of testes improves discomfort
  • signs and sxs or UTI or prostatitis
20
Q

Dx of Epididymitis

A

-culture voided urethral and midstream specimens to get specific organism

21
Q

Tx of Epididymitis <35 yo

A
  • ceftriaxone 250 mg IM then
  • doxycycline 100 mg po bid x10 days
  • scrotal elevation, analgesics
22
Q

Tx of Epididymitis >35 yo

A
  • cipro ER 500 mg po qd or 400 mg IV bid

- bedrest, scrotal elevation, analgesics

23
Q

What is a hydrocele?

A
  • fluid-filled sac surrounding testicle

- results in swelling of scrotum anterior to testicle

24
Q

What is a communicating hydrocele?

A

-has an associated indirect inguinal hernia

25
Q

Sxs of Hydrocele

A
  • painless
  • swelling
  • changes size
  • sense of a heavy scrotum
26
Q

Dx of Hydrocele

A
  • transillumination
  • cremaster reflex intact
  • don’t aspirate!
  • US if large to rule out tumor
27
Q

Tx of Hydrocele

A

-observation: should be rapid recovery

28
Q

What is a spermatocele?

A

-diverticulum of the epididymis (posterior to testicle)

29
Q

Dx of Spermatocele

A
  • may transilluminate
  • cremaster reflex intact
  • can be separated from testes on exam
  • almond size/shape
30
Q

Tx of Spermatocele

A

-surgical removal if painful

31
Q

What is a varicocele?

A
  • dilations of pampiniform venous plexus

- “bag of worms”

32
Q

On which side does a varicocele occur?

A
  • almost 100% on left (drains to renal vein)

- right side warrants further investigation

33
Q

Sxs of Varicocele

A

-painless

34
Q

Tx of Varicocele

A

-surgery for relief of sxs and cosmetic concerns

35
Q

What is testicular torsion?

A
  • SURGICAL EMERGENCY
  • twisting of testis and spermatic cord
  • leads to acute ischemia and impeded venous/lymphatic drainage
  • lack of normal attachments to scrotum
36
Q

Signs and Sxs of Testicular Torsion

A
  • acute scrotal pain
  • enlarged, red, edematous, tender scrotum
  • testes “riding high”
  • N/V
  • fever may occur
  • ABSENT cremaster reflex
37
Q

Dx of Testicular Torsion

A
  • Prehn sign: elevation of testis does not relieve pain

- US reveals reduced blood flow

38
Q

Tx of Testicular Torsion

A
  • surgical urology consult indicated!
  • manual reduction: untwist right clockwise and left counter-clockwise
  • orchidoplexy to tack down
39
Q

What is phimosis?

A

-foreskin too tight to retract

40
Q

What is paraphimosis?

A
  • foreskin too tight to get back

- may need emergent circumcision

41
Q

In which male GU issues is the cremaster reflex intact?

A
  • hydrocele

- spermatocele

42
Q

In which male GU issues is the cremaster reflex ABSENT?

A

-testicular torsion

43
Q

Which male GU issues are painless?

A
  • hydrocele

- varicocele

44
Q

Which male GU issues have acute severe pain?

A

testicular torsion

45
Q

Which male GU issues are NOT associated with infertility?

A
  • hydrocele

- spermatocele

46
Q

Which male GU issues may cause infertility?

A
  • varicocele

- testicular torsion

47
Q

What is Prehn sign and which male GU issue is it a sign of?

A
  • elevation of testis does not relieve pain

- testicular torsion

Spring 15 - GU, Nephro (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions