male gu assessment - Sheet1 Flashcards
What urinary symptoms should be discussed in a male GU subjective assessment?
Frequency, urgency, nocturia, dysuria, hesitancy, straining, urine color, and hematuria.
What past GU history information is relevant in a male GU assessment?
Erection changes, associated health issues, medications, history of lesions, sores, lumps, discharge, sexual history (partners, STIs).
What should be considered about the gender of the examiner during a male GU assessment?
Gender of the examiner may affect patient comfort; embarrassment or erection may occur.
What should be assessed regarding hair distribution during a male GU exam?
Check for pubic hair distribution, which may decrease with age, and assess for pests.
What questions should be asked about sexual history?
Inquire about partners, contraceptive use, and history of STIs.
What is phimosis?
Phimosis is the inability to retract the foreskin over the glans due to tight foreskin.
What are hypospadias and epispadias?
Hypospadias: Urethra opens on the underside of the penis; epispadias: Urethra opens on the upper aspect. Both require early surgery.
What should be observed regarding the foreskin in a male GU assessment?
Check if circumcised, foreskin retractability, and presence of phimosis.
How should a Foley or condom catheter be assessed?
Foley catheter: assess placement, urine color. Condom catheter: check for skin breakdown.
What should be noted in a scrotal assessment?
Check for edema, signs of infection, and any history of abdominal or pelvic trauma.
What are normal findings for inguinal or femoral hernias?
Hernias should not be palpable. Bulges suggest a hernia and should be referred to an MD or APRN.
When should prostate screenings typically begin?
Prostate screenings typically begin at age 40-45.
What is a Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) test?
PSA is a blood test used to screen for prostate cancer or other prostate conditions.
What is Hypospadias?
Hypospadias is a congenital condition where the urethral opening is located on the underside of the penis, often repaired in infancy.
What is Epispadias?
Epispadias is a congenital condition where the urethral opening is located on the upper aspect of the penis, requiring surgical repair.
What is the ideal age for surgical repair of hypospadias and epispadias?
Both conditions ideally require surgical repair during the first 7 years of life.
What is BPH?
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) is an enlargement of the prostate, which can cause urinary symptoms such as frequency and hesitancy.
What are common signs of BPH?
Signs include frequent urination, urgency, nocturia, weak urine stream, and difficulty starting urination.
When should males begin performing Testicular Self-Exams (TSE)?
Males should begin performing TSE at age 13 and continue monthly throughout adulthood.
How often should a Testicular Self-Exam (TSE) be performed?
TSE should be performed once a month.
When is the best time to perform a Testicular Self-Exam?
It is best to perform TSE after a warm shower, when the scrotum is relaxed.
What should males look for during a Testicular Self-Exam?
They should check for any changes or lumps in the testicles, including painless lumps, which could indicate a testicular tumor.
What is normal to feel during a Testicular Self-Exam?
The epididymis, which is located above the testicle, is normal to palpate.
What age group is most at risk for testicular cancer?
Testicular cancer is most common in males ages 15-34.
What is the main recommendation regarding TSE for males?
Males should report any changes or lumps they find immediately, as testicular tumors are often painless.
Do nurses typically palpate the testicles during an exam?
Nurses do not typically palpate the testicles, but they are responsible for educating patients on how to perform the TSE themselves.
What causes erectile dysfunction (ED) in males?
Causes of ED can include psychological factors (stress, anxiety), physical factors (diabetes, hypertension, heart disease), medications (antihypertensives, antidepressants), and hormonal imbalances.
What are common subjective findings related to ED?
Males may report difficulty achieving or maintaining an erection, reduced sexual desire, and low satisfaction with sexual activity.
How does ED present in the elderly male population?
ED in older men may be due to decreased testosterone, reduced blood flow, side effects from medications, and conditions like prostate problems (BPH).
What are pediatric considerations related to male genital health?
Boys should have descended testes by 9 months of age. Delayed descent increases the risk for testicular cancer later. Abuse or inappropriate activity should be screened.
What male genital issues should be assessed for in infancy?
Congenital deformities such as hypospadias and epispadias should be assessed. The urethra should be distally centered at birth.
What changes occur in the male genital system as men age?
Older men may experience a pendulous scrotum, decreased sperm production, smaller testicle size, less rigid erections, and less powerful ejaculations. Prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) is more common.
What should be considered when assessing erectile dysfunction in older men?
Medications like antihypertensives and antidepressants may contribute to ED. Reassure that these effects are not permanent and suggest consulting a prescriber for medication adjustments.
What is Prostatic Hypertrophy (BPH) and its impact on urinary function?
BPH causes enlarged prostate, leading to straining with urination, weak urine stream, and urinary retention. It is more common in older men.
What is the treatment for ED related to medication side effects?
ED due to medications may improve by adjusting prescriptions. Bring up concerns with the prescribing healthcare provider.
How is erectile function related to age in elderly men?
Men can remain capable of impregnating a woman well into their 80s and 90s, though erectile function may decline with age.
What are the most common STIs affecting males?
STIs include genital herpes (HSV-2), HPV (which can cause genital warts and cancers), syphilis (treatable with antibiotics), gonorrhea (causing burning urination), HIV/AIDS, and hepatitis.
What is the treatment for genital herpes (HSV-2)?
Genital herpes is treated with antiviral medications. There is no cure, and the virus remains indefinitely. Barrier methods reduce transmission.
What is the HPV vaccine and why is it important?
The HPV vaccine can prevent cervical and other cancers caused by HPV. It is most effective when administered before sexual activity.
What are the symptoms of gonorrhea and its treatment?
Gonorrhea causes burning during urination, pus or inflammation of the urethra, and increased urinary frequency. It is treatable with antibiotics, though drug resistance is rising.
What is the current treatment for HIV/AIDS?
HIV/AIDS is treated with antiretrovirals, though side effects can be significant, and treatment is costly. Risk reduction includes condoms and PrEP (Truvada, Descovy).
What are the key prevention methods for hepatitis?
Hepatitis A and B are preventable by vaccines. Hepatitis C has costly treatments available. Risk reduction includes using condoms, avoiding needle use, and vaccination.
