Male Genital System Flashcards

1
Q

Mention drugs which can exacerbate BPH symptoms

A

Testosterone, a-adrenergic agonists

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2
Q

Lsit side effects of tamsulosin

A
  1. Orthostatic hypotension with dizziness (minimal)
  2. Retrograde ejaculation but no effect libido
  3. Floopy iris syndrome esp tamsulosin
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3
Q

Desctibe mech of action amd uses of tadalafil

A

It is PDE5 inhibitor relax urinary smooth muscle amd bladder detrusor and therefore improve LUTS by inc conc of intracellular cGMP though NO pathway, ALSO inhibit PDE5 in cavernousal body thus mainatin VD.
Used in ED and pulmonary HTN & BPH

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4
Q

List side effects of tadalafil

A
  1. VD and hypotension used cautiously in cardiac patients and with nitrates
  2. Flushing, headache, nasal congestion, back pain
  3. Affect cardiac contractility (PDE1)
  4. Loss of G/B vision discrimination (PDE6)
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5
Q

Describe mech of action of tolterodine

A

M3 R blocker in bladder smooth muscle dec bladder smooth muscle contract.

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6
Q

The most seriois side effect of oxybutinien is…….
Side effect are dec by adding….

A

Acute urinary retention due to their effect on the bladder
Pilocarpine

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7
Q

Mirabegron is a……, its side effects include…….

A

B3 agonist
Headache, constipation, nasopharyngitis, HTN, tachycardia, UTI

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8
Q

Finasteride is a…….., its indications include……., a more potent member is……

A

5-a-reductase inhibitor
If prostate is more than 40 gm effects appear after 6 months
Dutasteride

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9
Q

Side effects of dutasteride include……

A

Impotence, dec libido and ejaculate volume and gynecomastia

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10
Q

Flutamide is a……..

A

Competetive inhibitors at androgen receptors

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11
Q

Describe role of phototherapy in treatment of BPH

A
  1. Inhibit 5-a-reducatse
  2. Anti-inflammatory and scavenges free radicals
  3. Protection of bladder and detrusor function
  4. Anti-androgenic effect
  5. Modulation of prolactin-induced prostate growth
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12
Q

Describe MOA, disadv & route of gonadoeelin

A

-It is GnRH analog given continuously to inhibit gonadotrophin release
-It causes an initial stimulation of androgen release
-Parenteral

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13
Q

List uses of GnRH analogs

A
  1. Cancer prostate
  2. Endometriostis
  3. IVF
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14
Q

List side effects of GnRH analog in males & females

A

Males: gynecomastia, breast tenderness, sexual dysfunction, dec muscle mass, depression, feminization, hepatotoxcity
Females: osteoporosis, vaginal dryness, hot flushes, ovarian cyst, CVS mortality, depression

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15
Q

Describe MOA, adv & side effects of Degarelix

A

-Irreversible inhibitor of GnRH receptor & inhibit release of gonadotrophind
-Not associated with initial stimualtion
-As GnRH analogs

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16
Q

List medications causing ED

A

AntiHTN, antipsychotics, antidepressants, antiandrogen, anticovulsants, narcotics, H2 blockers, lipid lowering agents

17
Q

Ideal therapy for ED should have:

A

Minimal side effects, rapid onset of action, have few or no drug interactions

18
Q

PDE5I are 1st choice in ED in……

A

Young patients

19
Q

List precautions of Sildebafil

A

CI: with nitrates, a-blockers, cardiac patients
1. Taken cautiously in liver/kidney impairment
2. Stop the drug if loss of vision or hearing occurred (FDA warning)

20
Q

MOA of Alprostadil

A

Prostaglandin E1 analog stimlate adenyl cyclase inc cAMP cauing smooth muscle relaxation of arterial blood vessels & sinusoidal tissues in the corpora

21
Q

List routes of administration & uses of alprostadil

A

-Intracavernosal injection, intraurethral insert (penile suppository), topical cream (more convenient)
-ED & maintain patency of ductus arteriosus in congenital pulmonary stenosis till surgery

22
Q

List side effects of alprostadil

A
  1. Local: penile pain, cavernosal areas of fibrosis, hematoma, bruising & vaginal itching in partner
  2. Priapism
  3. Dizziness & tachycardia (reabsorbe systemically)
23
Q

List precautions of alprostadil

A

Use cautiosly in patients with thrombocytopenia, or on anticoagulants, patients with poor quality injection technique as obese patients & patients with psychiatric conitions. Not to be given more than 3 times per week.

24
Q

List indications of testosterone replacement therapy

A
  1. 1ry or 2ry hypogonadism
  2. ED associated with hypoprolactinemia
  3. Cancer breast
25
Q

List adverse effects of testosterone replacement therapy

A
  1. Sodium retention may exacerbate edema, CHF & HTN
  2. Gynecomastia due to conversion by aromatase
  3. Abnormal lipid profile
  4. Polycythemia
  5. Hepatotoxity (with oral)
  6. Topical testosterone patches cause contact dermatitis (topical CCS)
26
Q

List indications of stanozolol

A
  1. Chronic debilitating diseases
  2. Osteoporosis in elderly men & postmenopausal women
  3. Prolonged immobilization
  4. Promote growth in boys with delayed puberty
27
Q

List adverse effects of stanozolol

A
  1. Virilization/acne in females, azoospermia/inc libido in males
  2. Short stature in children
  3. Cholestatic jaundice - cancer liver
28
Q

…….could be added to anabolic steroids to inhibit -ve effects on LH & FSH

A

Tamoxifen

29
Q

Between the labia majora there is…..

A

Pudendal cleft

30
Q

The labia minus anteriorly split into 2 smaller folds, ant pair forms…..while post pair forms……
Posteriorly it forms…….

A

Prepuce of clitoris, frenulum of clitoris
Fourchette

31
Q

Clitoris is formed of………, its end is called…..

A

2 corpora cavernosa
Glans of clitoris

32
Q

Mention orifices found in

A