Male & Female Reproductive Systems Flashcards
Which sex hormones are produced by the ovaries?
Estrogen and Progesterone
From which vessel do the ovarian arteries receive blood?
The aorta
Into which vessel does the right ovarian vein drain?
The IVC
In which section of the Uterine tubes does fertilization usually occur?
the Ampulla
Which arteries feed into the Uterine arteries?
the Internal Iliac arteries
The Uterus receives blood from a branch of which arteries in addition to the uterine arteries?
The Ovarian arteries
Does the ureter course under or over the uterine artery?
Under (water under the bridge)
Which part of the broad ligament can only be seen from a sagittal section?
The mesovarium
What are the four fornices of the vagina, located near the cervix?
Anterior, two Lateral, and a Posterior fornix
What are the boundaries of the perineum?
pubic symphysis, both ischial tuberosities, and the coccyx
What are the two triangles of the perineum in female anatomy?
urogenital (UG) and ischioanal triangles
What is the mons pubis?
A rounded area of adipose tissue overlying the symphysis pubis
What is the homologue of the labia majora?
the scrotal sac
What anatomical features are contained within the vestibule?
the urethral orifice, vagina, and openings of the vestibular glands
What provides innervation of the clitoris?
perineal branches of the pudendal nerve
What are the 3 parts of the clitoris?
the glans, corpora cavernosa, and crus
What is the bulb of the vestibule?
Erectile tissue that flanks the vestibule
What muscle covers the bulb of the vestibule?
the bulbospongiosus muscle
What provides parasympathetic innervation of erectile tissue?
the pelvic splanchnic nerves (S2-S4)
What is the function of the Greater vestibular glands (Bartholin glands)?
To secrete mucus into the vestibule to lubricate the vagina during sexual arousal
What innervates the female perineal muscles?
perineal nerve branches of the pudendal nerve
What does the ischiocavernosus muscle surround in female anatomy?
the crus and corpus cavernosum of the clitoris
What is the primary function of the Superficial transverse perineal muscle?
to support the perineal body
What is the perineal body?
A fibromuscular mass located in the center of the perineum between the anus and vagina
What is the attachment site for the superficial and deep perineal muscles, the levator ani muscle as well as the external anal sphincter?
the perineal body
What is the origin of the pudendal nerve?
S2-S4 ventral rami
The perineal and pelvic muscles receive voluntary motor innervation from which nerve?
the Pudendal nerve (S2-S4)
Which artery supplies the perineum?
the Internal pudendal artery
From which artery does the Internal pudendal artery branch?
the anterior division of the Internal iliac artery
During the female sexual response, which nerve dilates blood vessels in erectile tissue and stimulates vestibular gland secretions?
Pelvic splanchnic nerve (parasympathetic)
Which plexus of nerves does the pelvic splanchnic nerve transmit signals through?
the inferior hypogastric plexus of nerves
During male and female sexual responses, which nerve causes rythmic contraction of the pelvic and perineal muscles?
the Pudendal nerve
In the female sexual response, what role does sympathetic tone play?
rhythmic contraction of the pelvic organs and dilation of the cervical canal
Which spinal cord levels are responsible for sympathetic tone during sexual arousal?
T10-L2
Without FSH, how far can a ovarian follicle develop?
primary follicle
Which hormone is responsible for an increase in body temperature during the ovarian cycle?
progesterone
What is Priapism?
a prolonged, often painful erection that lasts longer than 4 hours without sexual stimulation
What are 3 potential causes of priapism?
Sickle-cell disease, venemous insect bites, certain medications
In treatment of priapism, what type of adrenergic receptor will phenylephrine bind? What is the intended effect?
alpha-2 adrenergic receptor; vasoconstriction, and decreased blood flow
What is the spermatic cord?
A cord-like structure that contains blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, nerves, and the ductus deferens
the frenulum of the penis receives innervation from both the dorsal penile nerves as well as what other nerve?
the perineal nerve
